Conservation and Sustainable Use of Plant Genetic
... mismanagement and socio-political pressures, and is being permanently eroded or lost; yet the
conservation of these resources remain largely neglected by conservation and agricultural
agencies. CWR and LR diversity maybe conserved using a range of techniques applied at local,
national, regional and ...
Seagrass Literature Review - Department of Environment, Land
... Zostera mulleri and Heterozostera spp. have been the focus of most seagrass research in Victoria.
Amphibolis antarctica has received recent attention as a result of the Channel Deepening Project in
Port Phillip Bay. Halophila australis, Posidonia australis and Lepilaena marina have been the
subject ...
Substrate specificity of epiphytic communities of diatoms
... between higher plants and microorganisms. Presently, allelopathy is usually mentioned in the
negative context. There are many studies on the subject of allelopathy (reviewed in van Donk
& van de Bund, 2002; Gross, 2003; and Hilt, 2006). However, they typically focus on a
particular plant taxon (e.g ...
Whole Ecosystem Nitrogen Manipulation Experiments: A
... to be approximately 846 kt N (INDITE 1994). It has been forecast that, due to the
penetration of catalysts into the road vehicle fleet, emissions from road vehicles will
reduce by 74% between 1998 and 2010. The UK emissions of NOx for 1998 are shown in
Figure 1.1. The map was compiled from the NAEI ...
Resource Book for the Preparation of National Plans for
... natural and semi-natural ecosystems, they also play a role in ecosystem
functioning and thus in broader environmental sustainability and maintenance of
ecosystem services.
The particular food security value of CWR has been recognized at least since
Darwin discussed their study and conservation (1868 ...
long term study of competition between two co
... Long-term data on co-existing A. astacus and P. leniusculus demonstrate that they
cannot live in sympatry without competition in which P. leniusculus with its larger body and
chela size, faster growth, more aggressive behaviour and greater fecundity would be the
stronger. However, a similar weakenin ...
Allee effects in biological invasions
... 2002). Early work refers to Allee effects as the absence
of cooperation (sometimes called disoperation), or simply
asociality in sexually reproducing species (Odum & Allee
1954; Philip 1957; Bradford & Philip 1970a,b). Other
mechanisms include sex ratio changes, asynchrony in
reproductive timing of ...
Ingredients for protist coexistence: competition, endosymbiosis and
... experiments with P. bursaria but suggest also that the endosymbiont could have other roles in ciliate coexistence. Moreover, because the symbiosis of P. bursaria and C. vulgaris is
facultative, P. bursaria can be freed of its endosymbiont,
which allow studying the effect of this endosymbiosis on the ...
The importance of predation, cannibalism and resources for
... unique in freshwater ecosystems. Several studies have shown that crayfish can have strong
impacts on other benthic organisms through direct and indirect effects. Crayfish can for
example totally exclude some species of macrophytes due to intensive grazing. They have
also been shown to alter the inve ...
The role of fungal secondary metabolites in Collembola
... terrestrial ecosystems functioning while having to deal in the same time with relentless
attacks from fungivores. Only few studies, however, investigated the structuring forces of
the population dynamics of fungi and the abundant decomposer fungivores, such as
Collembola, with whom they continuously ...
Thresholds in Habitat Supply: A Review of the Literature
... or “threshold” change that may have rapid, drastic effects on species or ecosystems. Ecological thresholds involve a
change in the rate of response to ecosystem change; a critical value of an ecosystem property at which previously linear
or unobserved change becomes a drastic transformation. Around ...
The Relative Effects of Grazing By Bison and Cattle on
... Plant species diversity increased and evenness decreased with grazing and with mowing,
indicating that competitive release may be more important than herbivore selectivity for
determining plant community responses to grazing in the study ecosystem. For the most
part, grazing by bison and cattle also ...
Ecology and Natural History of a Neotropical Savanna
... of all publications assembled, ranging from less than five papers in 1990
to about 35 papers per year in the late 1990s (see fig. 1.2A). This burst of
biological research on the cerrados results from the founding of the first
ecologically oriented graduate programs in Brazil in the 1970s. Some of
th ...
ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION AND SUSTAINABLE
... Significant projects of restoration are starting. Nevertheless, a considerable amount
of work is still needed to integrate them in the life of the local populations and make
them sustainable ecologically and economically. The objectives of this conference are
thus to multiply the contacts between res ...
2010 7th SER Conference of the Society for Ecological
... Significant projects of restoration are starting. Nevertheless, a considerable amount
of work is still needed to integrate them in the life of the local populations and make
them sustainable ecologically and economically. The objectives of this conference are
thus to multiply the contacts between res ...
Differences in feeding adaptations in intertidal and
... CR = V Loge C0 −Loge Ct − a /t
where V is the volume of suspension, C0 is the initial concentration, Ct is the final concentration, a is the rate at
which particle concentration changed in the control suspension, and t is the duration of the experiment. At the end
of the CR experiments, all snails w ...
The Influence of Interspecific Competition and Other Factors on the
... Other factors which may have inifluencedthe distribution were also studied. The study was made
at Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, Scotland.
I would like to thank Prof. C. M. Yonge and
the staff of the Marine Station, Millport, for their
help, discussions and encouragement during the
course of this work. ...
Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster planci)
... Research on predation of A. planci is driven by the third hypothesis, the predatorremoval hypothesis. The predator removal hypothesis states that A. planci populations are
naturally regulated by predation of adult and juvenile A. planci by fish and invertebrates
(Pratchett et al., 2014; Rivera-Posad ...
predation of juvenile crassostrea virginica by two species of mud
... have a significant influence on survivorship of juvenile oysters.
To assess the relative contribution E. depressus and R.
harrisii have on spat mortality, results were compared with
predation rates of two other important crab predators of spat:
C. sapidus and P. herbstii. Daily predation rates by C. s ...
GFNMS Vulnerability Assessment
... The Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, part of the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration, serves as the trustee for a system of 14 marine protected
areas encompassing more than 170,000 square miles of ocean and Great Lakes waters.
The 13 national marine sanctuaries and one marine natio ...
EDGE EFFECT INTERACTIONS IN AN AFRICAN SAVANNA By
... of edges at a broader or coarser scale (e.g., predicting the effects of forest fragmentation
on the abundance of an endangered forest specialist). In many cases focal land cover
types are studied across a gradient from highly intact to highly fragmented (e.g., Lofman
2007). Although edges become muc ...
Assessment of risks to Norwegian biodiversity from the import
... accompanying organisms such as pathogens and parasites, and (4) the likelihood of escape
or release of the imported organisms and precautionary measures that could prevent this
from happening. The committee was asked to adopt a fifty year perspective in this
assessment. Furthermore, any known negati ...
Ontogenetic Shifts and Symbiont Succession in a
... succession in which symbionts colonize and become extirpated during particular life stages
of the host (Fonseca and Benson 2003). Alternatively, symbiont populations could disappear
for other reasons (e.g., disease, active removal by host, changes in environmental conditions)
leaving a host open to ...
Latitudinal gradients in species diversity
The increase in species richness or biodiversity that occurs from the poles to the tropics, often referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), is one of the most widely recognized patterns in ecology. Put another way, in the present day localities at lower latitudes generally have more species than localities at higher latitudes. The LDG has been observed to varying degrees in Earth's past.Explaining the latitudinal diversity gradient is one of the great contemporary challenges of biogeography and macroecology (Willig et al. 2003, Pimm and Brown 2004, Cardillo et al. 2005). The question “What determines patterns of species diversity?” was among the 25 key research themes for the future identified in 125th Anniversary issue of Science (July 2005). There is a lack of consensus among ecologists about the mechanisms underlying the pattern, and many hypotheses have been proposed and debated. A recent review noted that among the many conundrums associated with the LDG (or LBG, Latitudinal Biodiversity Gradient) the causal relationship between rates of molecular evolution and speciation has yet to be demonstrated.Understanding the global distribution of biodiversity is one of the most significant objectives for ecologists and biogeographers. Beyond purely scientific goals and satisfying curiosity, this understanding is essential for applied issues of major concern to humankind, such as the spread of invasive species, the control of diseases and their vectors, and the likely effects of global climate change on the maintenance of biodiversity (Gaston 2000). Tropical areas play a prominent role in the understanding of the distribution of biodiversity, as their rates of habitat degradation and biodiversity loss are exceptionally high.