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Enabling the Market: Incentives for Biodiversity in the Rangelands
Enabling the Market: Incentives for Biodiversity in the Rangelands

... and wellbeing outcomes that can be anticipated from well-designed programs that engage landowners more actively in management of their land • invest in specifying priority biodiversity outcomes for the region, in parallel with a concerted program to build landowners’ awareness about what other peopl ...
Diss-Zooplankton-Impakt on phytoplankton
Diss-Zooplankton-Impakt on phytoplankton

... appendicularians) are restricted to the filtration of generally smaller particles. They are relatively rich in P and, hence, have low body N:P ratios. Based on these findings, the following hypotheses were made: (1) Copepods shift the size structure of phytoplankton assemblages to small particles by ...
Friend or foe? The relative role of earwigs as in citrus canopies
Friend or foe? The relative role of earwigs as in citrus canopies

long term study of competition between two co
long term study of competition between two co

... SAVOLAINEN and PURSIAINEN, 1995). The main reason is that P. leniusculus has either been introduced into plague-waters or the stocked specimens have been carriers of the plague. The shortage of long-term monitoring studies is particulary regrettable, as these are essential when new species are intro ...
Thesis in pdf
Thesis in pdf

Recovering a keystone species in a biodiversity hotspot - Helvia
Recovering a keystone species in a biodiversity hotspot - Helvia

... which to built warrens, and it would be advisable to concentrate the restocking effort by ensuring that the restocking plots are close to each other, thus avoiding isolated enclosures in order to scatter the impact of aerial predation. In turn, the following chapter shows that restocking in enclosur ...
The Ecological Role of a
The Ecological Role of a

... (Bertness & Leonard, 1997). The upper limits of a species’ zone are often controlled by physical factors such as desiccation, higher temperature and strong solar radiation, while the lower limits are more often set by biotic factors, such as competition and predation (Connell, 1961; 1972). Therefore ...
Differences in feeding adaptations in intertidal and
Differences in feeding adaptations in intertidal and

... CR = V Loge C0 −Loge Ct − a /t where V is the volume of suspension, C0 is the initial concentration, Ct is the final concentration, a is the rate at which particle concentration changed in the control suspension, and t is the duration of the experiment. At the end of the CR experiments, all snails w ...
Context dependency in acorn predation and dispersal Apodemus sylvaticus
Context dependency in acorn predation and dispersal Apodemus sylvaticus

Crayfish Identification, Distribution and Legislation
Crayfish Identification, Distribution and Legislation

Interactions between feral cats, foxes, native carnivores, and rabbits
Interactions between feral cats, foxes, native carnivores, and rabbits

... native prey requires kill rates of these prey to be assessed in relation to the availability of all prey types. This is particularly important for native prey. It is also important to understand the population dynamics of native Australian prey and the population dynamics of rabbits following the ar ...
Invasion Dynamics of a Non-indigenous bivalve, Nuttallia obscurata
Invasion Dynamics of a Non-indigenous bivalve, Nuttallia obscurata

Habitat-Based Intraguild Predation By Caribbean Reef Octopus
Habitat-Based Intraguild Predation By Caribbean Reef Octopus

DRAFT - CAFF Monitoring Series Report
DRAFT - CAFF Monitoring Series Report

... KEY CONCEPTS OF THE CBMP‐TERRESTRIAL PLAN.................................................................................................36  ...
J. John Sepkoski, Jr.
J. John Sepkoski, Jr.

... goal of decreasing algal production (which is considered bad) by reducing nutrient inputs and in the other case a goal of increasing algal production (which is considered good) by adding nutrients; it’s not that simple. A principal reason that we often misinterpret marine eutrophication is that insu ...
Spatial Pattern Analysis in Plant Ecology MARK R.T. DALE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Spatial Pattern Analysis in Plant Ecology MARK R.T. DALE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS

The Ecology, Impacts, and Control of Crassula helmsii Clare E. Dean
The Ecology, Impacts, and Control of Crassula helmsii Clare E. Dean

Community organization in streams: the importance of species
Community organization in streams: the importance of species

... Ecologists continue to seek a unified body of theory that can account for observed variations in the organization of natural communities. In the past, debates often centered on the explanatory power of opposing unitary hypotheses, such as the degree to which communities were regulated by abiotic vs. ...
Threatened Weta recovery plan
Threatened Weta recovery plan

The conceptual models and management and community needs for
The conceptual models and management and community needs for

... 4.3.1 Avian monitoring questions and design issues ......................................................................................70 4.3.2 Potential contributors to the avian monitoring scheme ........................................................................72 4.3.3 Avian conceptual mo ...
Influence of phenotypic and social traits on dispersal in a family
Influence of phenotypic and social traits on dispersal in a family

... opportunity to inform on the link between phenotype and dispersal. I  predicted that males and females would disperse similar distances if intraspecific competition influenced dispersal because, contrary to many other species, the sexes have similar roles in territoriality (Tarwater, unpublished dat ...
Appendix 3 - SGCN Summaries DRAFT Michigan’s Wildlife Action Plan 2015-2025
Appendix 3 - SGCN Summaries DRAFT Michigan’s Wildlife Action Plan 2015-2025

... preserve the full breadth of Michigan’s wildlife diversity. One of the initial steps taken to address this need was to identify species of greatest conservation need (SCGN), which are those species of wildlife (by definition, both aquatic and terrestrial) with small or declining populations or other ...
NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Ondatra zibethicus
NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet Ondatra zibethicus

Impact of global change on biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles
Impact of global change on biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles

... Stephan Unger (1), Cristina Maguas (2), Joao S.Pereira (3), Teresa S. David (4), Luis Aires (5) & Cchristiane Werner (1)..................................................................................................................... 74 Functional diversity of Central European tree species – Tra ...
Conservation of Wildlife Populations
Conservation of Wildlife Populations

... and current extinction rates, the dynamics of human population growth, an overview of study design and ethics, essential background on genetics necessary for understanding the interface between genetic and demographic approaches, and the estimation of within-population vital rates. The second sectio ...
1 2 3 4 5 ... 144 >

Unified neutral theory of biodiversity

The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography (here ""Unified Theory"" or ""UNTB"") is a hypothesis and the title of a monograph by ecologist Stephen Hubbell. The hypothesis aims to explain the diversity and relative abundance of species in ecological communities, although like other neutral theories of ecology, Hubbell's hypothesis assumes that the differences between members of an ecological community of trophically similar species are ""neutral,"" or irrelevant to their success. This implies that biodiversity arises at random, as each species follows a random walk. The hypothesis has sparked controversy, and some authors consider it a more complex version of other null models that fit the data better.Neutrality means that at a given trophic level in a food web, species are equivalent in birth rates, death rates, dispersal rates and speciation rates, when measured on a per-capita basis. This can be considered a null hypothesis to niche theory. Hubbell built on earlier neutral concepts, including MacArthur & Wilson's theory of island biogeography and Gould's concepts of symmetry and null models.An ecological community is a group of trophically similar, sympatric species that actually or potentially compete in a local area for the same or similar resources. Under the Unified Theory, complex ecological interactions are permitted among individuals of an ecological community (such as competition and cooperation), provided that all individuals obey the same rules. Asymmetric phenomena such as parasitism and predation are ruled out by the terms of reference; but cooperative strategies such as swarming, and negative interaction such as competing for limited food or light are allowed (so long as all individuals behave in the same way).The Unified Theory also makes predictions that have profound implications for the management of biodiversity, especially the management of rare species.The theory predicts the existence of a fundamental biodiversity constant, conventionally written θ, that appears to govern species richness on a wide variety of spatial and temporal scales.
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