The Network Structure of Food Webs
... stable if i(SC)1/2 < 1. In May’s framework, connectance refers to the probability that any two species will interact with each other; in a more technical sense, connectance refers to the percentage of non-zero elements in an interaction matrix (Gardner and Ashby 1970). The measure S, the number of s ...
... stable if i(SC)1/2 < 1. In May’s framework, connectance refers to the probability that any two species will interact with each other; in a more technical sense, connectance refers to the percentage of non-zero elements in an interaction matrix (Gardner and Ashby 1970). The measure S, the number of s ...
Effects of local and regional drivers on plant diversity within tundra
... In certain contexts, the relative abundance of plant species can be more important than their absolute number (Whittaker 1972; Purvis & Hector 2000). Depending on the research questions asked and the hypothesized responses of species diversity within a community, there is a choice of diversity measu ...
... In certain contexts, the relative abundance of plant species can be more important than their absolute number (Whittaker 1972; Purvis & Hector 2000). Depending on the research questions asked and the hypothesized responses of species diversity within a community, there is a choice of diversity measu ...
Similar biotic factors affect early establishment and abundance of an
... et al. 2000). Negative effects of resource additions might arise when native species positively respond to increases in a given resource, reducing the availability of other resources (e.g., light, soil moisture), thus creating a barrier for successful colonization by exotics. This discrepancy among ...
... et al. 2000). Negative effects of resource additions might arise when native species positively respond to increases in a given resource, reducing the availability of other resources (e.g., light, soil moisture), thus creating a barrier for successful colonization by exotics. This discrepancy among ...
Similar biotic factors affect early establishment and abundance of an
... et al. 2000). Negative effects of resource additions might arise when native species positively respond to increases in a given resource, reducing the availability of other resources (e.g., light, soil moisture), thus creating a barrier for successful colonization by exotics. This discrepancy among ...
... et al. 2000). Negative effects of resource additions might arise when native species positively respond to increases in a given resource, reducing the availability of other resources (e.g., light, soil moisture), thus creating a barrier for successful colonization by exotics. This discrepancy among ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
... such as raptors and corvids, are opportunistic or ‘facultative scavengers’, as they shift from hunting to scavenging depending on the opportunities presented (DeVault et al. 2003, Wilson and Wolkovich 2011, Moleón et al. 2014a, Pereira et al. 2014). Among terrestrial vertebrates, only the vultures ...
... such as raptors and corvids, are opportunistic or ‘facultative scavengers’, as they shift from hunting to scavenging depending on the opportunities presented (DeVault et al. 2003, Wilson and Wolkovich 2011, Moleón et al. 2014a, Pereira et al. 2014). Among terrestrial vertebrates, only the vultures ...
The Response of Natural Enemies to Selective Insecticides Applied
... The rows were sampled using 10 pendulum swings per row for a total of 20 pendulum swings per plot. A pendulum swing consisted of a 180-degree pass across the selected row, with a returning 180-degree pass. The contents of the sweep-net were emptied into a one-gallon plastic bag and stored at ⫺20⬚C u ...
... The rows were sampled using 10 pendulum swings per row for a total of 20 pendulum swings per plot. A pendulum swing consisted of a 180-degree pass across the selected row, with a returning 180-degree pass. The contents of the sweep-net were emptied into a one-gallon plastic bag and stored at ⫺20⬚C u ...
Parasites, density, and disturbance: Factors influencing coexistence
... Independent assessment of life history and physiological tolerance indicate several shared ecological characteristics. These studies indicate that both snail species are long-lived, iteroparous organisms; individuals live approximately 10 years and are reproductively mature after 2 years (Whitlatch ...
... Independent assessment of life history and physiological tolerance indicate several shared ecological characteristics. These studies indicate that both snail species are long-lived, iteroparous organisms; individuals live approximately 10 years and are reproductively mature after 2 years (Whitlatch ...
Document
... latter are not resource-limited (bottom-up) and hence must be controlled by mortality factors (top-down) which are largely attributed to selective predation by metazooplankton (Irigoien et al., 2005; Sherr and Sherr, 2009), in particular copepods (Calbet and Saiz, 2005; Sherr and Sherr, 2007). An al ...
... latter are not resource-limited (bottom-up) and hence must be controlled by mortality factors (top-down) which are largely attributed to selective predation by metazooplankton (Irigoien et al., 2005; Sherr and Sherr, 2009), in particular copepods (Calbet and Saiz, 2005; Sherr and Sherr, 2007). An al ...
Wulff 2012 - FSU Biology
... “wildly fluctuating”, for the same community, depending on metrics used for abundance. Censuses over 11 years on a shallow coral reef in San Blas, Panama, showed decrease by 53% by number of individuals but only 10.6% by volume (Wulff, 2001). Likewise, data from four complete censuses, at yearly int ...
... “wildly fluctuating”, for the same community, depending on metrics used for abundance. Censuses over 11 years on a shallow coral reef in San Blas, Panama, showed decrease by 53% by number of individuals but only 10.6% by volume (Wulff, 2001). Likewise, data from four complete censuses, at yearly int ...
do similar communities develop in similar sites? a test
... Scale was important in detecting structure and function differences among zooplankton communities. Species- and taxa-level analyses showed clear differences among communities, but community-level analyses of structure (species richness, total density and biomass) and function (productivity, respirat ...
... Scale was important in detecting structure and function differences among zooplankton communities. Species- and taxa-level analyses showed clear differences among communities, but community-level analyses of structure (species richness, total density and biomass) and function (productivity, respirat ...
Bringing the Hutchinsonian niche into the 21st century
... But it is less widely recognized in the literature of distributional ecology that positive and negative feedbacks, including impact components of the niche (7, 8), can have large effects on distributions. Because of feedbacks, the domain of niche space where a species can establish when rare (i.e., ...
... But it is less widely recognized in the literature of distributional ecology that positive and negative feedbacks, including impact components of the niche (7, 8), can have large effects on distributions. Because of feedbacks, the domain of niche space where a species can establish when rare (i.e., ...
ecological community - Department of the Environment
... Therefore when considering the nomination of national ecological communities it is important to consider that the focus of the Act is on national extent. This means nominators should think beyond their local or regional area to consider the broader, Australia-wide context of the ecological community ...
... Therefore when considering the nomination of national ecological communities it is important to consider that the focus of the Act is on national extent. This means nominators should think beyond their local or regional area to consider the broader, Australia-wide context of the ecological community ...
Risk Assessment
... There are at least 29 species in the snakehead (Channidae) family and are found in cold temperate to tropical areas. The cold temperate snakehead, northern snakehead (Channa argus), is found in areas in Russia, China, and Korea. Northern snakehead is highly favoured as a food fish and is commerciall ...
... There are at least 29 species in the snakehead (Channidae) family and are found in cold temperate to tropical areas. The cold temperate snakehead, northern snakehead (Channa argus), is found in areas in Russia, China, and Korea. Northern snakehead is highly favoured as a food fish and is commerciall ...
Weed Ecology in Natural and Agricultural Systems
... tomes, then we will have succeeded. While the focus of this book will be the use of ecological principles to the study of weeds, it is also important to recognize the role that weed science has played in the development of ecology. Several of the earliest ecologists began their careers working on ag ...
... tomes, then we will have succeeded. While the focus of this book will be the use of ecological principles to the study of weeds, it is also important to recognize the role that weed science has played in the development of ecology. Several of the earliest ecologists began their careers working on ag ...
Differences in soft-sediment macrobenthic - Research Online
... in southeastern Australia invaded by C. taxifolia to examine 2 main predictions: (1) areas covered with C. taxifolia will have different assemblages compared to unvegetated sediment because infauna are inhibited but epifauna are facilitated, and (2) areas with C. taxifolia will have different assemb ...
... in southeastern Australia invaded by C. taxifolia to examine 2 main predictions: (1) areas covered with C. taxifolia will have different assemblages compared to unvegetated sediment because infauna are inhibited but epifauna are facilitated, and (2) areas with C. taxifolia will have different assemb ...
PLANT-POLLINATOR NETWORKS: INCORPORATING INDIVIDUAL VARIATION AND FUNCTIONAL INFORMATION
... 2.5 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Linking plant specialization to dependence on seed set in pollination networks 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Materials and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
... 2.5 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Linking plant specialization to dependence on seed set in pollination networks 3.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Materials and methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
The Dynamics of Location: Influence of Predation by
... are usually created due to low water inputs and high outputs (Goldman & Horne 1983). Water enters lake basins via surface flow from streams or rivers, ground flow, including springs, and precipitation. Water also leaves a lake due to surface flow and ground flow, and additionally through evaporation ...
... are usually created due to low water inputs and high outputs (Goldman & Horne 1983). Water enters lake basins via surface flow from streams or rivers, ground flow, including springs, and precipitation. Water also leaves a lake due to surface flow and ground flow, and additionally through evaporation ...
The role of selection within plant communities for ecosystem
... reduced to a realized niche by limiting factors such as the presence of competing species in an environment (Severtsov 2004). Competition is therefore frequently considered to be the most important species interaction for species co-existence within a community (Gause 1934). Competition can occur b ...
... reduced to a realized niche by limiting factors such as the presence of competing species in an environment (Severtsov 2004). Competition is therefore frequently considered to be the most important species interaction for species co-existence within a community (Gause 1934). Competition can occur b ...
Herbivore and predator diversity interactively affect ecosystem
... inoculated in monocultures, or 20 of each species in threespp. treatments. Predators were stocked in a similar manner, with a total of three individuals per mesocosm. However, we also included a high-density predator treatment based on an additive design, which had three individuals of each predator ...
... inoculated in monocultures, or 20 of each species in threespp. treatments. Predators were stocked in a similar manner, with a total of three individuals per mesocosm. However, we also included a high-density predator treatment based on an additive design, which had three individuals of each predator ...