Download chapter 15 test

BIOLOGY
EVOLUTION: EVIDENCE AND THEORY
YOU HAVE BEEN GIVEN AN ANSWER SHEET FOR THIS
TEST. DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAPER!
MULTIPLE CHOICE- Write the letter of the best answer on your answer sheet
1. A trace of a long-dead organism is called a:
A. Stratum
B. Fossil
C. Population
D. Fitness
2. The principles of ____________________ hold that the geological structure of the
Earth resulted from cycles of observable processes operating continuously through time.
A. Natural Selection
B. Convergent Evolution
C. Uniformitarianism
D. Adaptive Radiation
3. Dust, sand, or mud deposited by wind or water is called:
A. Sediment
B. Fitness
C. Mold
D. Cast
4. The fact that sharks and porpoises look similar but are not related at all is an example
of:
A. Artificial Selection
B. Biogeography
C. Natural Selection
D. Convergent Evolution
5. A fossil’s age in years is called it’s:
A. Relative Age
B. Half-life
C. Absolute Age
D. Decay rate
6. The study of the geographical distribution of fossils and of living organisms is called:
A. Biology
B. Uniformitarianism
C. Ecology
D. Biogeography
7. What animal was Lamarck studying when he developed his idea of acquired traits?
A. Tigers
B. Finches
C. Shore Birds
D. Penguins
8. An interbreeding single-species group is called a:
A. Population
B. Phylum
C. Genus
D. Community
9. The Galapagos Islands are located off of the west coast of what continent?
A. North America
B. South America
C. Australia
D. Asia
10. John Henslow recommended Darwin for the position of __________________
aboard the H.M.S. Beagle in 1831.
A. Captain
B. Botanist
C. Naturalist
D. Mathematician
11. The theory that states that organisms best suited to their environment reproduce more
successfully than other organisms is:
A. Natural Selection
B. Divergent Evolution
C. Adaptive Radiation
D. Artificial Selection
12. Which of the following is NOT an example of Coevolution?
A. Predators and prey
B. Sharks and porpoises
C. Parasites and hosts
D. Plant-eating animals and the plants they eat
13. The scientist that developed the Law of Superposition was:
A. Gregor Mendel
B. Nicolaus Steno
C. Louis Pasteur
D. Charles Darwin
14. The Glyptodont was the prehistoric relative of what modern-day animal?
A. Armadillo
B. Cat
C. Finch
D. Rhinoceros
15. When some species existed for awhile and then disappeared, they are said to have
become:
A. Acquired
B. Exempt
C. Extinct
D. Adaptive
16. _____________________ features serve identical functions and look somewhat alike,
but have different embryological development and may be different in internal anatomy.
A. Homologous
B. Vestigial
C. Analogous
D. Acquired
17. Charles Darwin’s famous book is called The Origin of the:
A. Finches
B. Beagle
C. Galapagos Islands
D. Species
18. The genes to make hind legs in whales have been ____________________, or
remained unchanged.
A. Conserved
B. Adapted
C. Coevolved
D. Radiated
19. The discoverer of the Burgess Shale fossils was a man named:
A. Robert Hooke
B. Nicolaus Steno
C. Charles Doolittle Walcott
D. Harry Whittington
20. An ___________________ trait is one that is NOT determined by genes.
A. Extinct
B. Acquired
C. Adaptive
D. Artificial
TRUE/FALSE- for each statement below, write the word “true” or “false” on your
answer sheet
21. Darwin’s Descent with Modification theory states that the newer forms appearing in
the fossil record are actually the modified descendents of older species.
22. The wings of the Hummingbird and Humming moth are example of analogous
features.
23. Most fossils are found in sedimentary rock.
24. In a layer of rock, the top layers are the oldest, while the bottom layers are the most
recent.
25. Darwin thought that the webbed feet of shore birds was caused by repeated stretching
of the membrane between the toes.
26. According to uniformitarianism, modern volcanoes spew forth lava and ash in the
same way those on early Earth did.
27. At about 5 million years old, the Galapagos Islands are relatively young.
28. Early stages of different vertebrate embryos are similar to each other, though the
similarities fade as development proceeds.
29. Tailbones in humans and pelvic bones in whales are examples of analogous
structures.
30. Molds and casts are the 2 main types of fossils.
MATCHING- Match the following statements with the scientist that they describe
31. ________ Wrote The Origin of the
Species
A. Lamarck
32. ________ To explain how species
changed, he hypothesized that acquired
traits were passed on to offspring
B. Darwin
C. Hooke
33._________ Young naturalist that
encouraged Darwin to publish his findings
D. Wallace
34. _________ Discovered the cell and was
also the first scientist to study fossils with a
microscope
35. _________ Said that repeated
stretching of the membrane between the
toes of shore birds caused webbed feet
36. _________ Developed the theory of
Modification by Natural Selection
37. _________ Thought that the detail he
saw with a microscope was too fine and
precise to have been formed by the rock; he
concluded that living organisms had been
turned to rock
38. _________ Collected 13 species of
finches from the Galapagos Islands
39. _________ First became interested in
natural history after studying under John
Henslow, a professor of botany at
Cambridge University
40. _________ Was the first to state that
types of organisms change over time and
new organisms are modified descendents of
older types
COMPLETION- write the word that best completes each sentence on your answer
sheet
41. ____________ extinctions were brief periods during which large numbers of species
disappeared.
42. A favorable trait is said to give the organism that has it an ________________
advantage.
43. An example of artificial selection is humans breeding _________ for certain
phenotypic characteristics, resulting in different breeds.
44. John Henslow recommended Darwin for a position aboard the H.M.S.
___________________.
45. Darwin collected 13 species of ___________________ from the Galapagos Islands.
46-55.
SHORT ANSWER
CHOOSE ONLY 2, AND WRITE YOUR ANSWERS TO THESE
QUESTIONS ON THE BACK OF YOUR ANSWER SHEET!
A. What are vestigial structures? Give 2 examples of vestigial structures in humans or
other organisms. What do these structures suggest about the organism’s ancestors (how
might the structures have been useful to ancestors)?
B. Darwin and Larmarck had differing ideas on evolution. How did Larmarck explain
species changing over time? How did Darwin explain species changing over time? What
animal did each scientist focus most of their attention on? Which scientist, Lamarck or
Darwin, contributed the most to modern evolutionary thought?
C. What is a homologous feature? Give an example of a homologous feature that we
discussed in class. What do homologous features between organisms suggest about their
past?