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Endocrine Lesson 2 Monday, March 12 AIM: Where are hormones synthesized, and what is their effect? DO NOW: What is the difference between a steroid and a peptide hormone? HW: Memorize hormones/finish flash cards Multiple choice packet on hormones (Ch. 45) Neurosecretory Cells • Link the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (the master gland) Hypothalamus • integrates endocrine and nervous function. • Produces releasing hormones (or inhibitory hormones) that act on anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis) • Produces hormones ADH and oxytocin that are stored in the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) BE CAREFUL! • The hypothalamus produces releasing hormones that stimulate the anterior pituitary to produce stimulating hormones. • DO NOT CONFUSE OR EQUATE RELEASING HORMONES WITH STIMULATING HORMONES. Posterior Pituitary (part of brain) Neurohypophysis stores and secretes hormones produced by the hypothalamus Fig. 45.6a Anterior Pituitary GH • • • • • Growth hormone Gigantism Acromegaly Dwarfism Genetic engineering Prolactin • Peptide hormone • Milk production FSH, LH • Follicle stimulating hormone • Luteinizing hormone • Have effects on testes (testosterone) and ovaries (estrogen and progesterone) Female Hormones • Estrogen and progesterone -- produced in the ovary • Progesterone = the pregnancy hormone • Estrogen secondary sex characteristics • Both are involved in the menstrual cycle Male Hormones (Androgens) • Testosterone • Spermatogenesis • Secondary sex characteristics Thyroid Gland • Regulates metabolism • Homeostasis • Secretes thyroxin (T3 and T4) • Secretes calcitonin (lowers blood calcium – puts Ca back into bone) • Needs I2 • Negative feedback • Maturation • Cretinism • Goiter Homeostasis and the Thyroid Adrenal Glands Adrenal medulla – epinephrine -(fight or flight) – not under control of hypothalamus Vs. Adrenal cortex (mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids) – under control of hypothalamus Adrenal Medulla • Catecholamines – Adrenalin (epinephrine), norepinephrine • Amines • Fright, flight, fight hormones Adrenal Cortex • Target of ACTH from ant. pituitary • Steroid hormones • Glucocorticoids (cortisol) – increase blood sugar • Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) –increase reabsorption of sodium in CD and hence water— also increase bp via vasoconstriction Pineal gland • Circadian rhythm • Has light sensitive cells • Produces melatonin Endorphins • Natural opiates • euphoria Parathyroid Glands • Secretes PTH which raises blood Ca+2 levels by breaking down bone • Activates Vitamin D • PTH and calcitonin are antagonistic hormones.