Download The Crusades in Medieval Europe

For nearly 200 years, the
Christians fought a series of
religious wars known as the
Crusades.
Before the Crusades
O Muslims allowed Christian pilgrims
to Jerusalem because it brought
new sources of revenue.
O Christian pilgrimages were a way of
being forgiven for your sins.
O Violence is ripping apart Europe as
Nobles are fighting among
themselves.
O Famine beginning to spread across
the Continent as mini ice age slows
crop production
Seljuk Turks
O Suddenly, in 1071 AD, a
group of Muslims called
Seljuk Turks, stopped
allowing Christian visitors
to come into Jerusalem.
O Persecuted Christians who
were there.
O Violence escalates and
3000 Christians are
massacred
A letter that started a war!
O With the massacre Byzantine Emperor Alexis sends a
letter to Pope Urban II asking for help… he will regret this
later.
Don’t
Worry. I
will send
and army
Help us
Urban –
you are our
only hope
Council of Clermont
O 1095 Pope made a speech in France urging
the Western Christendom to rescue the Holy
Land and the Christians in the East from the
Turks.
O Pope Urban’s speech at the
was very inspiring and persuasive
as tens of thousands enthusiastically took
up the cross and departed to the Holy Land
in 1096.
O He promised that God would grant them a
full remission of their sins if they died while
on crusade.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Urban_II
Speech that started the war!
O “You common people
who have been
miserable sinners,
become soldiers of
Christ! You nobles,
do not [quarrel] with
one another. Use
your arms in a just
war! Labor for
everlasting reward.”
http://history.howstuffworks.com/middle-ages/crusades2.htm
Seljuk Turks
invade
Jerusalem
Regain
Control of
the “Holy
Land”
European
nobles
fighting
among
themselves
Causes of
the
Crusades
Turks Kill
3000
Christians
Merchants &
Pope want
Trade Routes
The First Crusade - 1096 - 1099
O An attempt to re-capture Jerusalem.
O Unskilled peasants and knights
O Unprepared for trip & fighting due to climate,
lack of supplies, and no leader.
O Success: Siege of Jerusalem = 1099, Victory
for Crusaders
A Crusader knight
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/fi
rst_crusade.htm
The Second Crusade -1147-1149
 Muslims began retaking
lands
 1144, Took city of Edessa,
European leaders called
for Second Crusade,
launched in 1147
 Second Crusade a failure,
took no lands from
Muslims
The council at Jerusalem
decides to attack Damascus
http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/crusades/2nd/
Third Crusade 1189 - 1192
 1177, Saladin arose as Leader in Muslim
world, took title of sultan
 Retook Crusader states, drove Christians
out of Jerusalem
Three Kings
 Richard, Philip, Frederick set out on Third
Crusade
 Frederick (H.R.E.)Drowned, Philip (Fr)
quarreled with Richard (Eng), returned
home
 Only King Richard the Lion-Hearted of
England fought in Holy Land
http://europeanhistory.boisestate.edu/crusades/3rd/05.shtml
3rd Crusade – Mutual Respect
 Richard, Saladin admired each other
as military leaders, gentlemen
 Made proposals for peace, including
marriage alliance of Richard’s sister,
Saladin’s brother; never took place
because of religious differences
Fierce Fighting
 Richard was unable to drive Muslims
from Holy Land
 Richard could not take Jerusalem,
had to return to England
Fourth Crusade -1202-1204
• Innocent III, called French Knights for a 4th Crusade
• Plan was to sail to Jerusalem from Venice, Italy
• The Venetians agreed to furnish necessary ships only if
Crusaders first seized Zara, a Christian city.
O
Pope angered that Christian city attacked,
excommunicated all
O The Venetians then persuaded the Crusaders to attack
Christian city of Constantinople
O Failure of 4th Crusade
• Disorganization,
• lack of leadership
• Going against Pope
http://holtcrusades.wikispaces.com/GimbelWakefield
Later Crusades
O Five other Crusades followed, none successful
O Children's Crusade: 1212
• factual and mythical period including a French or German
boy, an intention to peacefully convert Muslims in the Holy
Land to Christianity
Fifth Crusade 1217–1221
• A/H Army, Surrender Quickly
O Sixth Crusade 1228–1229
• Emp. Fredrick II, Excomm Greg IX
• Diplomatic Success
O Seventh Crusade 1248–1254
• Louis IX of France, Failed
O Eighth Crusade 1270
• Louis IX, Died, Canonized
O Ninth Crusade 1271–1272
• Edward I of England
http://bossieraim.wikispaces.com/Children%27s+Crusade
Effects from Crusades
O Economic Changes
• Crusades enhanced existing trade; Europe & Middle East
• Returning Crusaders brought more goods, spices, textiles, to
Europe
O Political Changes
• Crusades led to deaths of knights & nobles
• Lands vulnerable
• Ambitious nobles took unoccupied lands
• Nobles & Kings increase power, influence in Europe
O Social Changes
• Many viewed non-Christians as enemies,
• persecuted Jews
• Jews saw Crusaders as cruel invaders
• Relations strained
http://www.bluenc.com/robin-hayes-says-we-will-win-in-iraq-by-spreading-the-message-of-jesus-christ-there
Works Cited
O Images are cited on each slide.
O http://www.historyofjihad.org/crusades.html
O http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-
crusades.htm
O http://www.medievalcrusades.com/
O http://history-world.org/crusades.htm