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CHAPTER 11 THE EVOLUTION OF POPULATIONS Vocabulary Practice genetic drift geographic isolation allele frequency bottleneck effect temporal isolation normal distribution founder effect convergent evolution microevolution sexual selection divergent evolution directional selection Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium coevolution stabilizing selection reproductive isolation extinction disruptive selection speciation punctuated equilibrium gene flow behavioral isolation adaptive radiation A. Who Am I? Choose among these terms to answer the riddles below: behavioral isolation geographic isolation temporal isolation Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium normal distribution punctuated equilibrium CHAPTER 11 The Evolution of Populations gene pool Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company 1. I separate populations with factors of time, such as when one population reproduces in the spring and another reproduces in the summer. 2. I look like a bell-shaped curve, having the highest frequency in the middle. 3. I separate populations with physical barriers so that members of each population no longer have contact with each other. 4. I occur when there are no changes in allele frequencies for a certain trait from generation to generation; I rarely occur in real populations. 5. I am a pattern of evolution that is seen in the fossil record; I consist of short periods with lots of evolutionary activity, followed by long periods with much less evolutionary activity. 6. I separate populations with different courtship or mating rituals. Unit 4 Resource Book McDougal Littell Biology Vocabulary Practice 61 VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED co- = together converge = to come together from different directions diverge = to go in different directions from a common point micro- = small WORD DEFINITION 1. coevolution 2. convergent evolution 3. divergent evolution 4. microevolution C. Choose the Correct Word In each set of questions, choose the word from the word box that best fits each statement. normal distribution stabilizing selection directional selection disruptive selection Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company CHAPTER 11 The Evolution of Populations B. Word Origins Circle the Greek and Latin word parts in each vocabulary term. Then use the Greek and Latin meanings to construct a very basic definition of the vocabulary word. 1. Occurs when natural selection selects for individuals with the intermediate phenotype 2. Occurs when natural selection is not acting on a population for a certain trait 3. Occurs when natural selection selects for individuals with one extreme phenotype 4. Occurs when natural selection selects for individuals with both extreme phenotypes 62 Vocabulary Practice Unit 4 Resource Book McDougal Littell Biology VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED reproductive isolation geographic isolation behavioral isolation temporal isolation 5. Species from two populations are separated by physical barriers 6. Species from two populations can no longer mate successfully, for any reason CHAPTER 11 The Evolution of Populations 7. Species from two populations are separated due to differences in courtship or mating rituals 8. Species from two populations are separated due to differences in the timing of their reproduction microevolution convergent evolution coevolution divergent evolution 9. Process in which two species evolve in Copyright © McDougal Littell/Houghton Mifflin Company. response to changes in each other, over many generations 10. Process in which unrelated species evolve similar traits while adapting to similar environments. 11. Process in which closely related species become more and more different as they adapt to different environments 12. Process which can occur over a few generations, in which a population’s allele frequencies change in any way Unit 4 Resource Book McDougal Littell Biology Vocabulary Practice 63 VOCABULARY PRACTICE, CONTINUED D. Do-It Yourself Matching In a random order, write short definitions for each term on the blank lines to the right. Then give your paper to a classmate who should write the number of the term next to the correct definition. 1.adaptive radiation 2.gene pool 3.directional selection CHAPTER 11 The Evolution of Populations 4.stabilizing selection 5.disruptive selection 6.speciation E. Analogies Read each analogy. Decide which term is most like it. allele frequency gene pool normal distribution extinction genetic drift punctuated equilibrium gene flow geographic isolation 1. Long, flat surfaces interrupted by short, steep Copyright by McDougal Littell, a division of Houghton Mifflin Company steps 2. Including only two people in a survey of a large community, and not getting representative results 3. Medium clothing sizes being the most common in a department store 4. A radio station that goes off the air 5. Many colleges sharing and exchanging research ideas with each other 6. How often a certain letter-number combination is called during bingo 7. A phone book that contains all of the phone numbers of everyone in a city 8. Sound-proof glass that prevents people from hearing each other 64 Vocabulary Practice Unit 4 Resource Book McDougal Littell Biology