Download Civil War and Reconstruction

Mrs. McClary
US History
Power in Congress between free and slave
states
B. Supremacy of the US Constitution
C. Popular sovereignty in southern and
northern states
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D. The continued enslavement of African
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[MC All]
Americans
A.
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Overturned the Missouri Compromise.
Stated that the people would have “popular
sovereignty” or the right to vote on whether
or not they wanted slavery.
Supporters from both sides rushed to the
territories to gain control.
Fighting broke out and was so brutal it
became known as “Bleeding Kansas”.
A.
B.
C.
D.
The time of each presidential election
A majority vote in Congress
A vote in the state legislature
Popular sovereignty
Dred Scott was a slave from Missouri. His owner
had taken him to free states.
 After his owner died, he argued that since he
lived in a free territory he had become a free
person.
 Supreme Court ruled that Scott was not a free
man. He was someone's property and people
could take their property anywhere.
 Northerners looked to the Republican Party to
help prevent the spread of slavery.
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It received greater support in the North than the
South.
B. It resulted in less need for the Underground
Railroad.
C. It strengthened the Fugitive Slave Law and further
divided the country.
D. Prompted Congress to pass new legislation
protecting the rights of slaveholders.
A.
Radical abolitionist that studied slave uprisings
in the past.
 Led attacks in “Bleeding Kansas”.
 Led 21 black and white men into Harper’s Ferry,
VA.
 Goal was to seize the federal arsenal and use the
weapons to arm slaves and start a slave uprising.
 Quickly put down by troops commanded by
Robert E. Lee
 No slaves joined the uprising.
 John Brown was captured, charged with treason,
and hanged.
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Abraham Lincoln was elected in 1860 because
the Democratic party split three ways over the
issue of slavery.
 Within a month of the election, South Carolina
led the South by seceding from the Union.
 The states that had seceded formed the
Confederate States of America.
 Jefferson Davis of Mississippi was elected
president.
 The Confederate States drafted a constitution
that was similar to the US constitution but
protected slavery.
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ADVANTAGES
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Population of 22 million
US navy
Controlled 85% of
factories, 76% of
railroads, and 65% of
farmland
Had well-established
central government and
leaders
DISADVANTAGES
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Had to conquer a large
area as an invading force
Large distances to move
supplies and troops
ADVANTAGES
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High morale, experienced
leaders, and a defensive
position
Short distances to move
supplies and troops
DISADVANTAGES
Population was only 5.5
million
 Controlled only 15%
factories, 30% railroads,
and 35% farmland
 Needed a strong central
government to survive
 Needed help from foreign
countries
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A.
B.
C.
D.
Atlanta
Antietam
Gettysburg
Fort Sumter
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In early 1861, only two Southern forts were still
controlled by the Union.
The most important was Fort Sumter in Charleston,
South Carolina.
The CSA demanded it be turned over it they would
attack.
Lincoln did not want to initiate hostilities so he did not
reinforce the fort but he did send supplies.
Jefferson Davis decided to attack the fort on April 12,
1861.
The South gained control of the fort and the Civil War
had begun.
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CSA troops led by Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson had
won several battles and marched into Maryland.
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The two commanders had to split up and the Union luckily
discovered army orders detailing the plan.
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The Union attacked near a creek called Antietam.
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It was the bloodiest single day battle in American history.
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Dead, wounded, and captured totaled more than 26,000.
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No clear winner but Lee retreated back into Virginia to regroup.
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The war, to Lincoln, was more about saving
the Union than about freeing slaves.
He disliked slavery and knew if it was
abolished, Great Britain would be
discouraged from supporting the
Confederacy.
January 1, 1863 Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation.
More symbolic than practical.
A.
B.
C.
D.
It only applied to slaves in the Confederacy.
It freed slaves for only a year.
It prohibited blacks from serving in the
military.
It fostered negotiations between North and
South.
Turning point of the war. Crippled the South.
The CSA was in Gettysburg and accidentally ran
into the Union army.
 Fighting began on July 2, 1863 and would last 3
days.
 Each side would gain and lose ground.
Eventually the North held their ground and
pushed the weakened Southern army back into
Virginia.
 The North had 23,000 killed or wounded.
 The South had 28,000 killed or wounded.
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Vicksburg, MS was one of the last
Confederate holdouts and prevented the
Union from controlling the MS river
Grant put the city under siege from May-July
1863
Vicksburg residents took shelter in manmade caves and ate dogs and mules
Confederates finally surrendered and Union
now controlled the MS river
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Sherman marched through Georgia and
destroyed homes, railroads, crops, killed
livestock, etc
Surrounded and captured Atlanta and
destroyed all Confederate supplies there,
eventually burnt the city to the ground
Continued his path of destruction to
Savannah and then on into South Carolina
Destroyed the Confederate will to fight
A.
B.
C.
D.
It rebounded during the war through
industry.
It destroyed infrastructure and farm fields,
and resulted in a shortage of goods.
It remained steady.
It increased the need for farm items,
resulting in higher profits for farmers.
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Union general and West Point graduate
Failed at everything he ever tried: farmer, bill
collector, real estate agent, and store clerk
Grant had victories at Fort Henry and Fort
Donelson, the Battle of Shiloh, Vicksburg,
and others
Would eventually become supreme
commander of the Union army
Would become president after the war
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Commander of the Confederate army
Had opposed secession but accepted the job
because of his love for Virginia
Lincoln offered him the Union job too
Determined and used unorthodox tactics
during battles
Victories at the Second Battle of Bull Run,
Chancellorsville, and others
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Confederate general, got his nickname
during the Battle of Bull Run
Said he was standing like a “stone wall”
Had the first Confederate victory at the Battle
of Bull Run
Was General Lee’s right hand man
Was killed when Confederate guards mistook
him for a Yankee
Had to have his arm amputated and died the
next day
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Appointed by Lincoln to command the Union
army in Mississippi
Believed in “total war”, wanted to fight not
only the army but the civilian population as
well
Captured and burnt Atlanta
Marched through Georgia destroying
everything in his path until he arrived and
captured Savannah
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The Union blockade along with Sherman’s march
had starved out the Confederacy
Lee and his troops surrender to Grant on April 9,
1865 bringing the war to an end
Grant showed Lee great respect and allowed his
men to return home with their dignity
Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a
southern sympathizer, on April 14, 1865
Northern hatred toward the South grew when the
South needed their understanding the most
A.
B.
C.
D.
The federal government was weakened.
Slavery was allowed to extend to the West.
The Union was preserved.
The Confederacy remained a separate
nation.
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Lincoln’s Plan
 Pardons would be granted to those who took an
oath of allegiance to the Union
 Emancipation of slaves had to be accepted
 State governments would be reestablished as
soon as 10% of population took the loyalty oath
Lincoln’s plan ended with his assassination
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Andrew Johnson’s Plan
 Very similar to Lincoln’s plan
 Disenfranchised all former leaders, officeholders,
and large landowners of the Confederacy
 President retained the right to pardon
southerners which Johnson did frequently
All 11 states had rejoined the Union within 8
months. None gave voting rights to blacks.
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Championed civil rights for all Americans
Civil Rights Act of 1866: African Americans
became US citizens
Passed 14th Amendment: Declared African
Americans citizens, promised every citizen
“equal protection” under the laws
1866 Congress said only they had power over
Reconstruction and rejected the earlier
presidential plans
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Congress placed the South under military
control
Said only states that ratified the 14th
amendment and gave all male citizens the
right to vote could rejoin the Union
The radical Congress impeached President
Johnson but was unable to remove him from
office
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Created in 1865, acted as an early welfare
agency
Provided food, shelter, and medical care to
those left destitute by the war (especially
freed slaves)
Had power to resettle blacks on land taken
from southern property owners
Created 3,000 schools for freed blacks and
several black colleges
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13th: Slavery forbidden
14th: Ex-slaves given civil rights
15th: Black males given right to vote
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Black Codes: Discriminatory laws that
severely restricted the lives of African
Americans. Restricted blacks from carrying
weapons, serving on juries, testifying against
whites, traveling without permits, or owning
land
Ku Klux Klan: founded as a social club for
Confederate veterans, became increasingly
racist and its overall goal was to restore white
supremacy
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Republican Rutherford B. Hayes against
Democrat Samuel J. Tilden
Tilden won the popular vote but lost the
electoral vote by 1 point
Democrats disputed the election and a
commission was established to decide what
to do
Republicans and Democrats made a deal to
solve the issue
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Democrats would accept Hayes as president
if the Republicans did the following:
 Withdraw troops from South Carolina and
Louisiana
 Federal money to build a RR from Texas to the
west coast
 Wanted a conservative southern appointed to the
president’s cabinet
This marked the end of Reconstruction in the South