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Civil War
Presentation by Michelle Alcorn
Questions by Pam Duncan
Two different ways of life…
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The south depended on
agriculture – cotton, and
the north depended on
manufacturing.
Some people thought
slavery was ok because
slaves were better off
than workers in the
north.
Other people thought
slavery was cruel. Some
slaves were punished
severely.
Rebellion
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Some slaves rebelled.
Nat Turner killed nearly
60 men, women, and
children. This revolt
terrified whites.
It became a crime to
teach slaves to read and
write, but Frederick
Douglas learned how to
read and write anyways.
He gave speeches against
slavery all over America.
The Underground Railroad
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Many slaves tried to escape
by getting help from the
Underground Railroad.
This was not a real railroad.
It was a system of secret
routes that escaping slaves
followed north.
Slaves = passengers
Guides = conductors
Places to hide = stations
People who helped them hide
= stationmasters
Songs
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Songs were used to
entertain and/or signal a
slave’s plan to escape.
“Follow the Drinking
Gourd” gives directions
for escaping to the north
in code. The drinking
gourd stood for the Big
Dipper. The Big Dipper
points to the Little
Dipper. The North Star
can be found on the
handle of the Little
Dipper.
The North Star was used
to guide many slaves to
the north.
Harriet Tubman
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She was one slave
who successfully
escaped to the north.
She returned to help
over 300 others
escape.
Her nickname was
“Moses.”
The Civil War Begins….
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Abraham Lincoln firmly
opposed slavery spreading to
any new territories that
joined the Union.
Some southern states vowed
to leave the Union if Lincoln
became president. They knew
free states would soon become
a majority in congress.
When Lincoln was elected
South Carolina voted to
secede. Mississippi, Florida,
Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana,
and Texas joined them.
They formed the Confederate
States of America, and
Jefferson Davis was their
president.
Fort Sumter
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Confederate guns
opened fire on Fort
Sumter.
After 34 hours of
cannon blasts, the
Union troops
surrendered.
No one had been
killed in the first
battle.
Who was better? Union or
Confederate?
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Confederate – well-trained
officers, southerners grew up
riding horses and shooting
guns, home field advantage,
reason to fight because they
were protecting their homes
and their way of life.
Union – larger population,
more resources, factories in
the north made weapons and
uniforms, more food,
railroads for moving soldiers
and supplies.
The Anaconda Plan
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Cut off the southern
seaports so the south
could not buy the
weapons and supplies it
needed.
Control the Mississippi
River to divide the south
in half and stop the
south from moving
supplies down the river.
The Union would invade
the south from the east
and the west.
Answer: The Union cut
off supply routes and
invaded from both sides
like an anaconda
squeezes its prey.
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Civil War Facts
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Richmond, Virginia was
the capital of the
Confederacy.
Confederates were the
Gray, and Union soldiers
were the blue.
Robert E. Lee was the
commander of the
Confederate army.
Ulysses S. Grant was the
commander of the Union
army.
Spies like Harriet
Tubman and Rose
Greenhow were used to
report on enemy battle
positions.
Fighting during the Civil War
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Bull Run – A battle at a muddy stream. T.J. “Stone
Wall” Jackson stood his ground. The south won this
one.
Antietam – One of the bloodiest battles. Over 23,000
men on both sides died.
Vicksburg, Mississippi – Grant needed this victory, and
he got it. It took 48 days, but the Confederates who
were out of supplies surrendered.
Total War – Sherman wanted to destroy the will and
ability of the Confederacy to continue fighting. His
troops destroyed nearly everything in their path.
The Emancipation
Proclamation
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This was an inspiring
speech Lincoln gave his
troops.
It ended slavery in the
Confederacy.
It allowed slaves to serve
in the Union Army.
Some African Americans
fought in the
Confederate army as
well. They were offered
their freedom.
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Women
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They worked in fields,
factories, and stores. They
filled the roles of the missing
men.
Some disguised themselves as
men so they could fight in the
war.
Some were nurses.
Clara Barton was called,
“The Angel of the Battlefield”
because she passed out food
and supplies to the troops.
After the war she founded the
American Red Cross.
Sally Tompkins ran a hospital
in Richmond.
The Battle of Gettysburg
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General George Meade Vs.
General Robert E. Lee
Over 28,000 Confederate
soldiers were killed.
The Union army won.
Lincoln declared the
battlefield a national
cemetery for Union soldiers.
He gave one of the greatest
speeches ever given in
Gettysburg – Gettysburg
Address.
Lincoln made it clear that
democracy, a united country
and the abolition of slavery
were causes worth fighting
for.
The End
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Grant’s 125,000 men
surrounded Lee’s 35,000
starving men.
Lee surrendered at
Appomattox Court
House, Virginia.
The war was over on
April 9, 1865. It lasted
about 4 years.
About 620,000 people
died during the war.
Slaves were free, but
they still had to struggle
to be treated equally.
Lincoln’s Death
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About a week after the
end of the Civil War he
was watching a play at
Ford’s Theater.
John Wilkes Booth shot
him.
Vice President Andrew
Johnson became the new
president.
Reconstruction
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Lincoln’s plan to
rebuild the south.
He wanted to put
away bad feelings.
The 13th Amendment
abolished slavery.
Some people in
Congress wanted to
punish the south and
others did not.
The Treatment of African
Black Codes – described the
Americans
rights and duties of the freed
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African Americans (where to live
and what jobs to have).
Hunger, homelessness
The Freedmen’s Bureau
provided food, clothing, shelter,
medical care, jobs, and legal help
to both blacks and whites. It also
set up 4,000 schools.
Most were poor
The 14th amendment made
blacks citizens have the same
legal rights as whites.
After the First Reconstruction
Act in 1867, more than 600
African Americans were elected
to state offices.
Treatment continued….
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Many people would not
accept African Americans as
equals.
Six former Confederate
officers formed the Klu Klux
Klan. They robbed, whipped,
degraded, and killed black
people. They also destroyed
their property and kept
blacks from voting.
Southern states passed Jim
Crow Laws. These
segregated black and white
people. Blacks couldn’t use
the same schools, restaurants,
trains, hotels, or parks as
whites.
Segregate – separate blacks
and whites
Integrate – mix blacks and
whites