* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Social_life
Survey
Document related concepts
Plato's Problem wikipedia , lookup
Play (activity) wikipedia , lookup
Information science wikipedia , lookup
Cognitive psychology wikipedia , lookup
Situated cognition wikipedia , lookup
Source criticism wikipedia , lookup
Information wikipedia , lookup
Personal information management wikipedia , lookup
Cross-cultural differences in decision-making wikipedia , lookup
Shifra Baruchson Arbib wikipedia , lookup
William Clancey wikipedia , lookup
Social computing wikipedia , lookup
Information audit wikipedia , lookup
Organizational information theory wikipedia , lookup
Other (philosophy) wikipedia , lookup
Embodied cognitive science wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Social Psychology: Definition: This area of psychology is concerned with human behaviour in relation to ourselves, others and groups Key issues: How we interact with others How we think about ourselves and others How we behave in groups Some of the main areas of social psychology: Proxemics: personal space and territory and crowding Social cognition: ways people process information about themselves, others, social situations and the world around them Social influence: how people influence each others actions, decisions and judgements Interpersonal attraction Cultural diversity 1 1 Social cognition: Social cognition is concerned with: How social information is perceived interpreted and remembered (by self and others) How we make inferences from what we know to what we don’t know Schema: general knowledge acquired from experience about an object, event, person or group (a set of assumptions which leads to a framework determining how we think and behave) Schemata: general knowledge about roles of groups. For example, roles of bankers, lawyers, professors. Scripts: general knowledge about events. For example, what happens in particular situations such as walking into a restaurant, bank, movie theatre, etc. Note: schema, schemata and scripts are resistant to change Assimilation: fitting incongruent information into an existing schema. Accommodation: The complete revision of schema. Note: it is much easier for people to assimilate than to accommodate 2 2 Note: although schema, schemata and scripts are resistant to change, we are drawn to and intrigued by novel, incongruent information. Clinton – lies and sex scandals Girls murdering girls in Victoria BC How information affects our schema, schemata and scripts depends upon: The time we have to think about the new information Our ability to understand the new information in relation to our schema, schemata and scripts Our motivation to assimilate or change (accommodate) How we remember information: Primacy effect: impression weighted by early rather than by later information Recency effect: impression weighted by later rather than earlier information Note: the primacy effect is generally stronger than the recency effect 3 3 Attribution: Definition: The process of explaining the cause of peoples’ behaviour We can attribute cause as due to either internal sources (personality) or to external sources (the situation) We err in the direction of paying too little attention to external causes of behaviour when evaluating other people (Fundamental Attribution Error) Why do we err like this? If someone is always influenced by the situation, it is difficult to predict how they are going to behave in other situations If someone behaves according to a set of internal principles and values, we can better predict their behaviour across situations. We like to believe that we can pigeon hole or stereotype others. When do we not tend to make the fundamental attribution error? With ourselves: we like to think of ourselves as being flexible and adaptive (responding to the situation) and not as being rigid and inflexible (ruled only by internal principles) 4 4 Unless of course we have done something particularly noteworthy, in which we tend to attribute cause internally (self serving bias) When in cultures that have collectivist values Social influence: Definition: changing peoples attitudes and beliefs Belief: a perception of factual matters – what’s true and what’s false Artichokes grow on trees Dogs have 4 legs Attitudes: positive or negative evaluations of things. Artichokes have a wonderful taste Dogs are friendly creatures Changing attitudes and beliefs: Central: route: logic of the argument Peripheral: attractiveness of the person, neatness, if others seem similar to us, we like them and this makes them seem believable Persuasive people use both central and peripheral techniques 5 5 Group behaviour: Group think: tendency for all members of a group to think alike and repress descent Group polarization: a group’s average decision is more extreme than those of the individuals in the group Diffusion of responsibility: responsibility for action or an outcome is spread amongst many people Deindividuation: individuals stop taking responsibility for their own actions (mob – gang behaviour) 6 6