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Transcript
Curriculum Topic Study Elementary Earth Processes I. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. The surface of the earth is constantly changing (measurable) Plate movement (land and under the ocean) Slow and fast changes (by wind, waves, water, ice) Plants, animals, and human activities change the earth’s surface, oceans, and atmosphere Elements and minerals cycle through the land, oceans, and atmosphere Landforms, climate, and resources impact where people live. People also impact the earth. The history of the earth is revealed in its layers. a. b. Many elementary school textbooks are filled with information that is not developmentally appropriate! Young students must learn about the earth and its changes through observations of their surroundings. Descriptions and explanations must come from their own observations. Simulations and models should be compared to that concept in real life. How do we begin to develop a sense of “time” as it relates to the earth and its changes? II. c. d. III. Whole parts Observable processes (waves, wind, water – forces) i. Weathering, erosion, deposition c. Observable properties i. Soil ii. Rocks/minerals Uses iii. Water iv. Gases of the atmosphere d. Rock cycle middle school a. b. Middle Earth Processes I. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Earth is constantly changing, nothing is permanent. Organic (human) and inorganic influences that cause change Takes evidence to change ideas in science Earth processes are caused by two major sources of energy: radioactive decay and leftover heat from the earth’s formation Tectonics is an organizing idea for disparate phenomena (earthquakes, volcanoes, mineral deposits, oceans, and continents) Conservation of matter/mass Wind, water, waves, and ice sculpt the earth’s landforms II. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Start with the big interesting phenomena first Imagining geologic time will be difficult Improve understanding of continental movement by multiplying small increments by large numbers of years Be careful not to sacrifice science for advocacy With little direct contact with phenomena, instruction in tectonic theory should be reserved for late in the 5-8 sequence. Evidence in sedimentation/sedimentary rock of change over time (a historical record) is a key concept they should learn at this time. By 8th grade, students should have a complete understanding of the main features of factors that shape the earth. III. a. b. c. d. e. Continuous process that takes long periods of time However, some changes are abrupt. Formation of sedimentary rock/recycling of rocks Movement of earth’s interior (heat) cause surface changes, and atmospheric changes Formation of fossils and sedimentary rock layers determine relative age of rocks High Earth Processes I. a. b. c. d. Structure of Earth/Layers Plates and continents are not same Internal Plate movement causes landform features Processes Rapid & i. Weathering External ii. Erosion slow e. Convection currents i. Sources of heat and energy 1. Elements Rock… 2. Water Finite f. Cycles system g. Laws of cons. mass and energy and constancy h. Constant change i. Human Impact j. Predictions and evidence k. Change can occur based on data evidence l. Geologic history m. Impact of Living Things II. a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Inst. Implications Energy transformations Evidence to support all material presented Start with what they know (or phenomena) and then work towards the science Move from the concrete to the abstract Describe that it happens to explaining how it happens How it happens and how it shapes earth’s surface Real Life Implications Predicts about future a. b. c. d. Radioactivity – nuclear rxns Density Convection Energy Int. & Ext. i. Cons. of Matter ii. Cons. of Energy Properties Matter Role of and Impact of Living Organisms Geologic Time Plate Tectonics vs. Continental Drift III. e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. Biogeochemical cycles i. Rock cycle ii. Reservoirs iii. (Water, carbon, phosphorous, nitrogen, etc.) Landforms/formation Weather/climate Weathering/erosion/sedimentation Misconceptions about Earth Processes A. Changes are always sudden B. Earth never changes. It’s old? C. Process of soil, forms clay, forms rock D. Distinguishing rocks and minerals, confused about minerals E. Metamorphic changes in animals F. Rocks with layers sedimentary G. All mountains are volcanoes H. Limited concept of rocks I. Mountain building not related to plate tectonics J. Soil is dinosaur poop K. Heat builds up and has to get out L. Mountains are always on fault lines M. Type of rock determined by location N. Problems w/ fragment vocab O. Limited def. of rocks P. Water freezing causing rocks to break down – don’t apply this to rocks Q. Earthquakes cause volcanoes R. Natural vs. man-made S. Living organisms that live in soil eat the soil