Download integumentary, immune and lymphatic systems

Think-Pair-Share
Animal Systems: DEFENSE
Integumentary, Immune and
Lymphatic Systems
DEFENSE
How do the integumentary, immune and
lymphatic systems work together to
defend the body?
These systems work to
protect the body from
pathogens. The
integumentary system
(skin) is the first barrier
against infection, and any
invading pathogens are
destroyed and removed
via the immune and
lymphatic systems.
Integumentary System
• Integument – Latin “to cover”
Functions of the Integumentary System
Purpose:
• Protection :
• Protects deeper tissues (organs)
• Blocks UV radiation
• Prevents infectious agents from entering the body
• Aids in temperature regulation (sweat or shiver)
Functions of the Integumentary
System cont.
• Prevents dehydration
• Produces Vitamin D –
from sunlight
• Vitamin D increases
absorption of calcium for
healthy bones
• Aids in excretion of
wastes (salts)
• Sensory organ (heat,
cold, pressure and pain
receptors)
Parts of the System:
• Skin is composed of three layers:
– Epidermis – outer layer, site of rapid cell division (mitosis),
production of keratin and melanin.
• Melanocytes – give skin pigmentation and protect from UV rays
• http://youtu.be/ClynhFKMs3c
– Dermis – inner layer, contains major structures of skin
– Collagen, blood vessels, nerve endings, glands, sensory receptors, hair follicles
– Subcutaneous fat – adipose tissue, provides insulation for body
Evolutionary Trends of Integumentary System
Complex
Simple
Animal
Taxon
Adaptations
Simple Invertebrates
Vertebrates
More complex integumentary system. Used to
Simple integumentary system used predominantly for
maintain internal body temperature, fluid and
diffusion. Diffusion allows movement of gases,
salt levels. Contains nerve receptors, glands,
nutrients, fluids, and wastes products in and out of the
subcutaneous fat, hair follicles to interpret
organism to maintain homeostasis.
environmental stimuli.
Picture of
Adaptation
Some organisms contain structures such as feathers, scales,
and mucous glands for additional protection and support
Examples
Jellyfish, Flat worms, Earthworms, Sponges
Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fish, Birds
Integumentary System
Levels of Organization
Epithelial Cells (skin cells)
Epidermis, Dermis
Skin
Integumentary
Fun Fact: Believe it or not, the
integumentary system is the largest
organ system and your skin is the
largest organ in your body.
Interaction with Other Body Systems
Skin is the first line of defense in the
immune system response.
The circulatory system and skin
regulate body temperature.
Skin and the excretory system
excrete water, urea, salts, and other
wastes through sweat.
Receptors of the nervous system are
located in skin.
THINK-PAIR-SHARE
Dear 16-Year-Old Me
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_4jgUcxMezM
Lymphatic System
Purpose:
1. Collects fluid lost by the blood during movement of nutrients into
body tissues and returns it back to the circulatory system.
2. Plays a role in the immune system by producing, storing and
circulating white blood cells.
Network of vessels and associated organs:
1. lymph – fluid in lymph vessels
2. lymph vessels – move the lymph
throughout the body
3. lymph nodes - densely packed
areas of tissue that filter the lymph;
white blood cells are stored in them
4. Tonsils, thymus and spleen are all composed of
lymphoid tissue
 tonsils – filter and destroy bacteria
 thymus – produces hormones that aid in
maturation of T-cells; T-cells
recognize foreign pathogens
 spleen – removes worn-out red
blood cells from circulatory system;
contains white blood cells that
engulf and destroy bacteria.
To review:
The lymphatic system
removes fluid from
around cells and
returns it to the blood.
When this fluid passes
through the lymph nodes
white blood cells attack
and kill any pathogens.
Interactions with other Body Systems
Lymphatic system works with the
circulatory system to maintain
homeostasis of body fluids.
Lymphatic system plays a role in the
immune system by producing white
blood cells and destroying
pathogens within lymph nodes and
spleen.
The excretory system excretes
excess fluids.
Immune System
Purpose: The immune system protects the body
from disease by producing specialized cells that
inactivate or destroy pathogens.
Parts of the System - consists of specialized cells and organs
that respond to the presence of a pathogen
• skin – body’s first line of defense (also part of integumentary
system)
• white blood cells – recognize disease agents (antigens) and
create antibodies to tag and remove these antigens.
Macrophages are the white blood cell type that actually
eat and destroy these antigens.
Macrophage of a mouse
stretching its “arms”
(pseudopodia) to engulf 2
pathogens
How the Immune System works:
1. First line of defense (pathogen does not
enter body)
o Skin & other non-specific defenses such
as mucous, saliva, and tears trap and
destroy pathogens.
2. Second line of defense (pathogen enters body)
o If pathogen does enter the body, this triggers
the inflammatory response – Tissue
becomes swollen and painful due to white
blood cell accumulation.
o Chemicals are released by immune system to
cause fever (increased body temperature);
increased temperature can kill some bacteria
and viruses.
o White blood cells called macrophages engulf
and destroy pathogens.
3. Third line of defense (pathogen gets past first and second
line of defense)
• Immune response
1. Triggered by an antigen; virus, bacteria or other
pathogen.
2. T cells and B cells recognize the
specific pathogen and produce
Antigen
antibodies that will help destroy
the invader and protect us the next
time it enters the body. This process
is called immunity.
3. The reaction to a second infection by
the same pathogen is much faster.
Antigen
binding
sites
Antibody
Lymph & Immune System
Levels of Organization
White Blood Cells, B-cells, Tcells, macrophages
Lymph nodes, bone marrow
Spleen, Liver
Lymph and Immune
**H.I.V. is the virus that causes AIDS, or acquired immune
deficiency syndrome. It attacks a special T cell known as a helper
T cell.
**Penicillin and other antibiotics can also be used to
help the immune system, but it is important to remember that
antibiotics only kill bacteria!
**Vaccines work by mimicking the body’s natural
immune response. A small amount of the specially
treated virus, bacterium or toxin (vaccine) is injected
into the body. The body then makes antibodies. If a vaccinated
person is exposed to the actual virus, bacterium or toxin, they
won’t get sick.
Interactions with other Body Systems
Skin of the integumentary system is
the first line of defense of the
immune system.
The circulatory system transports
immune cells around the body.
Bones of the skeletal system
produce lymphocytes and
macrophages.