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THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Chapter 8 Section 2 Part 1 Rome’s Government Patricians *Wealthy Landowners *Made up Rome’s ruling class *Men-Roman Citizens *Can hold public office *Vote, Pay Taxes, Serve in the Army *Could not marry a Plebeian Plebeian *Artisans, Shopkeepers, owners of small farms *Men-Roman Citizens *Vote, Pay Taxes, Serve in the Army *Less Social Class *Could not hold public office *Could not marry a Patrician Roman Republic Tripartite—three part Government One group ran the government One group made the laws One group acted as Judges Had Checks and Balances so one group could not get too strong, but did not separate powers Roman Republic Roman Republic *Consul-top Roman Republic Officials -Two Consuls (Patricians) were chosen every year. -Headed the Army -Consul could veto (Latin for “I forbid”) -Veto was a way to keep each other in line Roman Republic Praetor—main job was to interpret the law and act as judges in court Other Officials—kept tax records, handling public finances, supervising festivals Roman Republic Senate—Most important legislative body Select group 0f 300 Patrician men who served for life In the beginning, only gave advice to the Consul By 200s BC—proposed laws, debates, and approved building programs Roman Republic Assembly of Centuries—another legislative body Elected Consuls and Praetors Passed Laws Under control of the Patricians Plebeians vs. Patricians 494 B.C.—Plebeians went on strike—refused to serve in the army and set up a republic of their own. 471 B.C. Council of the Plebs, elected tribunes to voice concerns, won the right to veto government decisions 455 B.C.—Plebeians and Patricians were allowed to mary 300 B.C.—Plebeians were allowed to become consuls 287 B.C.—Council of Plebs gained power to pass laws for all Romans Cincinnatus Dicator—had complete control, but they served the people and ruled on a temporary basis during emergencies Most famous dictator --Cincinnatus Roman Law Rome’s gift to the world was the system of law 451 B.C.—Twelve Tables—established the principle that all free citizens had the right to be treated equally by the legal system Applied only to Roman citizens—realized they needed a more systematic way of ruling lands they conquered Law of Nations—stated principles of justice applied to all people everywhere Roman Law Principles: Innocent until proven guilty People accused of crimes could defend themselves before a judge Judge had to examine evidence Even though the concept of the “rule of law” applied, people at the top of society often had special privileges Some places--lower class did not have any rights at all.