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We will finish watching Luther Be prepared to discuss your questions. Welcome Robin Hood vs Martin Luther Middle Ages Renaissance 1. Come see me after school to get your missing work and find out what you missed. 2. Start doing the work. 3. We have 3 weeks left in the quarter, turn it in. 4. If you are absent then YOU are responsible to get the missing work from me, my website, a friend, or the basket. 5. You must take control – I know you are capable but you must advocate for yourself. If you are failing/missing mass amounts of work… Answer on the side of your guided notes • Imagine that you live in Florence, Italy immediately following the Black Death. You have survived, but many around you have not. Describe your environment. How do you feel? So what does Renaissance mean? “Rebirth” Period after the Middle Ages Early Renaissance What was the Renaissance? • Period following the Middle Ages (14501550) • “Rebirth” of classical Greece and Rome • Began in Italy • Eventually moves into northern Europe Goals for Life • During the Middle Ages –Find God –Prove pre-conceived ideas • During the Renaissance –Find man –Promote learning "The Renaissance gave birth to the modern era, in that it was in this era that human beings first began to think of themselves as individuals. In the early Middle Ages, people had been happy to see themselves simply as parts of a greater whole – for example, as members of a great family, a trade guild, a nation, or a Church. This communal consciousness of the Middle Ages gradually gave way to the individual consciousness of the Renaissance." – McGrath, Alister, In the Beginning, Anchor Books (2001), p.38 . 1. Get out your Do Now 2. Turn in your Unit 3 vocab to the back Happy Thursday KWL K- What do you know? W- What do you want to know? L- What did you learn? CNN 10 Humanism • Pursuit of individualism – Recognition that humans are creative – Appreciation of art as a product of man – Love of the classical past (Greece/Rome) • Often rejects the importance of belief in God. - Life could be enjoyable - Emphasis on reason, scientific inquiry, and human fulfillment in the natural world Why did the Renaissance occur? • Increased trade with Middle East/Asia, this improved the lives of the middle class • Growth of large, wealthy city-states in Italy with a decline in feudalism • Renewed interest in the classical learning of ancient Greece and Rome - education • Rise of rich and powerful merchants, who became patrons of art • Increased desire for scientific and technical knowledge with a decreased desire to go to church • Desire to beautify cities – recapture the glory of the Roman Empire “Rebirth” in Italy • Major city centers – – – – – Venice Milan Florence Papal States Kingdom of Naples Florence was led by the Medici Family Growth of Cities as Centers for Trade Profit-making became more important than Church doctrine To overcome guilt, profit-makers indulge in philanthropy (concern for welfare of people; seen in charity) High profits led to economic diversification (creating and selling a variety of products) Changes in Art • Art became the way to advertise economic success • Led to increased commercial competition • Portray human body more accurately Themes in Renaissance Art • Growing humanism and secularism • Number of portraits painted illustrates focus on the individual • Focus on man’s free will Early Renaissance Art • What was different in the Renaissance: –Realism –Perspective –Classical (pagan) themes –Geometrical arrangement of figures –Light and shadowing –Softening of edges –Backgrounds –Artist able to live from commissions Spread of Humanism to the rest of Europe • The significance of Gutenberg’s printing press • Explosion of printed materials • By 1500, 40,000 titles printed and between 8-10 million copies • The impact of movabletype printing presses – led to increased research and literacy Crash Course • Read over the questions • Answer them as we watch Machiavelli Niccolo Machiavelli was one of the most influential writers of the Renaissance. He believed Italy could not be united unless its leader was ruthless. In 1513, he wrote The Prince, where he advised rulers to be kind only if it suited their purposes. Otherwise, he warned, it is better to be feared than loved. “You must know there are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is of men, the second of beasts; but because the first is frequently not sufficient, one must have recourse to the second. Therefore it is necessary for a prince to understand how to use the methods of the beast and the man . . . Machiavelli A prince . . . ought to choose the fox and the lion; because the lion cannot defend himself against traps and the fox cannot defend himself against wolves. Therefore, it is necessary to be a fox to discover the traps and a lion to terrify the wolves. Those who rely simply on the lion do not understand this.” -- Niccolo Machiavelli, The Prince (1513) Machiavelli – on your notes answer the following 1. Do you agree with Machiavelli that it is more important that a ruler be feared than loved? Explain your answer. 2. When do you feel it is appropriate for a ruler to be a fox, and when is it appropriate to be a lion? In other words, when is it important to use physical strength, and when is it for a ruler their use their wits? Renaissance artwork webquest • Answer the questions on the back or another sheet of paper. • A fast way to get to sites is by using the links on my website. • Due at the end of class. • You may work with a partner.