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A time of creativity and change in political, social, economic, and cultural areas Shift to a urban economy Reawakened interest in Greece and Rome Humanism was an intellectual movement that stressed the classics and the potential for human achievement Petrarch is an early humanist and builds a library What was it? 410-411 Artists 412-415 Leonardo da Vinci: painted Mona Lisa and the Last Supper, painter, scientist, studied anatomy, inventor “Renaissance Man” Michelangelo: created the statue of David, painted ceiling of Sistine Chapel, dome of St. Peters Basilica Religious themes, also revive classical works of Greece and Rome Begins in Italy because: 1. Center of Roman Empire (access to ruins) 2. Location on Mediterranean Sea encouraged trade 3. Banking and merchants encourage trade who then support artists 4. Trade gave wealth 5. Trade routes gave them access to Muslim knowledge 6. Italy was divided into city-states and each ruled by a wealthy family 7. Florence ruled by de’Medici family— symbolized Renaissance Why Italy? 411-412 Writers 416 Castiglione—wrote The Book of the Courtier, which describes skills a member of court should have –wellmannered and well educated and was good at many things Machiavelli—wrote a guide for ruler on how to gain and keep power Raphael: most famous for his Madonna’s The Prince—book by Machiavelli that stressed that the end justified the means –use methods needed to achieve goals Machiavellian—refers to the use of deceit in politics Realistic art—use perspective, shading, oil paints Study human anatomy to be realistic Architecture: becomes more beautiful, add columns, arches, and domes Brunelleschi and Donatello both were important Renaissance Art 412-413 Northern Renaissance 418-420 Johann Gutenberg—created printing press with movable type—quickly spreads the Renaissance and its ideas Vernacular—everyday language of the people— appeals to more people Erasmus—humanist version of Bible who produced Greek Thomas More—described ideal society and wrote Utopia, which now describes ideal societies Shakespeare—English Renaissance writer who wrote over 37 plays, both comedy and tragedy and also sonnets