Download Period 6

2012 8-2 Powerpoints
Period 6
Organic Compounds
An organic compound
is a compound that
contains carbon
Organic compounds can
be living things or
objects made by living
things
Many organic compounds have similar
properties in terms of melting points, boiling
points, odor, electrical conductivity, and
solubility
Examples are plastics, fuels, and cleaning
solutions 2
Hydrocarbons
By: Danielle
Fernanda
& Erick
• Hydrocarbon: a compound that contains only
the elements carbon and hydrogen. They are
the simplest organic compound, and they mix
poorly with water.
Fun Facts
• Hydrocarbons are flammable
• The may be straight, branched or a ring
shaped
• Their simplest form is methane
• Used as fuel for stoves, heaters, cars, buses.
And airplanes
• Also provide heat for hot air balloons,
portable stoves, and gas grills
Carbon Atoms
• Three carbon atoms= propane
• Two carbon atoms= ethane
Structures of Hydrocarbons
Ian Rabenaldt, Camden Thompson,
Lauren Greenlee
Forms of Carbon Chains
• There are 3 forms of carbon chains
• They can be straight if the hydrocarbon has 2
or more carbon atoms
• Branched arrangements form in hydrocarbons
with 4 or more carbon atoms
Structural Formulas
• Structural formulas show how atoms are
arranged to create compounds.
• Structural formulas show the kind, amount,
and arrangements of atoms in molecules.
• In the formulas, dashes are made to represent
bonds.
Structural Formulas Cont.
• In ethane and propane, carbon atoms are
bonded to at least on carbon and one
hydrogen atom
• Every carbon atom forms four bonds.
• Every hydrogen atom forms one bond.
• Both ends of a dash are always connected to
something.
Isomers and Double Bonds
Jake Alltucker, Tristen Travalini,
Gianna Brencola, and Zach Olds
Isomers
• They are compounds that have the same chemical formula
but different structural formulas.
• Isomers are all made of different substances and have
different.
Isomers Continued
• A molecule of some isomers is a straight
chain.
• Some different types of isomer molecules are
a branched chain.
• In those 2 types of molecules have atoms that
are arranged differently.
Double Bonds
• 2 Carbon atoms can form double bonds with
itself.
• A Carbon atom can also form double bonds
with an oxygen atom.
• Structural formulas represent a double bond
with a double dash.
Saturated and Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
By: Victor, Grace, Jose, and Alyssa
Hydrocarbons
• Hydrocarbons are molecules
containing only hydrogen and
carbon atoms
Saturated Hydrocarbons
• Saturated Hydrocarbons only
have single bonds, so they have
the maximum amount of
hydrogen atoms possible
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
• Unsaturated Hydrocarbons can
have double and triple bonds, so
they don’t have the maximum
amount of hydrogen atoms
possible.
Substituted Hydrocarbons and
Compounds Containing Halogens
Hydrocarbon
•A molecule with only
Hydrogen and Carbon
atoms
Carbon bonding
• Carbons can form stable bonds
with several other elements such
as Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and
members of the Halogen family
Substituted Hydrocarbon
• A Hydrocarbon in which one or
more hydrogen atoms have
been replaced by atoms of
other elements
Replacing hydrocarbons
• In some substituted
Hydrocarbons, one or more
Halogen atoms replace
Hydrogen atoms
Alcohols and Organic Acids
Lucas
Javier
Matt
Jasmine
Substituted Hydrocarbons
• Contain only one carbon and hydrogen
• Atoms of other elements replace one or more
hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon
• Substituted hydrocarbons include halogencontaining compounds, alcohols, and organic
acids
Compounds Containing Halogens
• In some substituted hydrocarbons, one or
more halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms
• Halogen family includes fluorine, chlorine
bromine, and iodine
Alcohols
• Substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or
more hydroxyl groups
• Hydroxyl group is made from a oxygen and
hydrogen atom.
• Dissolve well in water
Organic Acids
• Substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or
more carboxyl group
• Main ingredient of vinegar
• Found in apples
• Causes the stinging feeling in plants
Esters
• A compound made by chemically combining
an alcohol and an organic acid
• Have pleasant, fruity smells
• Responsible for the smells of pineapples,
bananas, strawberries, and apples
ESTERS AND POLYMERS
By Kyle, Chris, and Percy
Esters
• Esters are made by combining an
alcohol and an organic acid.
• Esters smell like fruit.
• Esters are found in pineapples,
bananas, strawberries, and apples.
• Esters are also used in medicine such
as aspirin, and anesthetic.
Polymers
• Polymers are long chains of many
smaller molecules (monomers).
• Monomers are single molecules.
• The prefix poly means many and the
prefix mono means one.
• Polymers can be made of organic
compounds such as alcohols, and
esters.
Natural and Synthetic Polymers
• Natural polymers occur in many
things like wool, cotton, and silk.
• Some common synthetic polymers
are polyester, nylon, and plastic.