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Carbon Compounds
Chapter 8 Section 2
Organic Compounds
• Compounds that contain Carbon are called
organic compounds (with the exception of few).
• Many organic compounds have similar
Properties such as:
Low melting point, low boiling point
Do not conduct electric current
Do not dissolve in water
They are liquids or gases at room temperature
They have strong odor
Hydrocarbons
• Are compounds that contain only the elements
carbon and hydrogen.
• Properties of Hydrocarbons:
1. Hydrocarbons mix poorly with water
2. Hydrocarbons are flammable.
Chemical Formulas of Hydrocarbons:
Methane CH4
Ethane C2H6
Propane C3H8
Structure of Hydrocarbons
• The Carbon chain in a hydrocarbon may
be straight, branched or ring-shaped.
• Each hydrocarbon has its structural
formula; its kind, number and
arrangement of atoms in a molecule.
• Isomers; are compounds that have the
same chemical formula but different
structural formula.
• Double bond and triple bond: in addition to
forming a single bond, two carbon atoms
can form double or triple bonds.
• Saturated and Unsaturated Hydrocarbons:
Hydrocarbon with all of its carbon atoms having
single bonds it is a saturated hydrocarbon.
Hydrocarbons with double or triple bonds are
called unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Substituted Hydrocarbon
• If just one atom of another element is substituted
for a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon, a
different compound is created.
• Compounds containing halogens when one or
more halogen atoms replace hydrogen atoms.
• Alcohols When OH (hydroxyl group) replaces
hydrogen atoms.
• Organic Acids When COOH (Carboxyl group)
replaces Hydrogen atom.
Esters and Polymers
• Ester is a compound made by chemically
combining an alcohol and an organic acid.
Many esters have pleasant fruity smell.
• Polymers are long chains of organic
compounds made up of thousands or even
millions of atoms.