Download Presentation on Climate Safeguards System

Climate Safeguards Systems
Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation into Bank
Operations
SESA Workshop
21-22 March, 2011
Al-Hamndou Dorsouma
Climate Change Expert
Compliance and Safeguards Division (ORQR.3)
Background
Context
The project is part of the implementation of the
Bank Climate Risk Management and Adaptation
(CRMA) strategy approved in June 2009
 The CRMA aims at reducing climate vulnerability
and promoting climate-resilient development in
Africa

The CRMA underscores the need for AfDB to
mainstream climatic risks into its project cycle.

Project objectives

Developing guidelines & tools (Climate Safeguards
System) for mainstreaming CC into Bank project cycle.
Expected results

The project is being implemented in 3 phases:
 Screening manual
 Screening Tool
 Knowledge Base

Training sessions for Task Managers and
Climate Change and Environment Specialists for
tools' application are being planned
Links to ISS and SESA



The Climate Safeguards System (CSS) complements the
Bank’s Environmental and Social Assessment
Procedures (ESAP)
It provides project teams with additional assessments
of projects’ climate vulnerabilities and risks
It provides guidance at strategic and project levels:
 Project level: assessment, at project early stage, of
climate risks and adaptation measures
 Strategic level: country’s climate vulnerability
profile and adaptation needs, in the framework of
Country Strategic Paper (CSP)
Climate Screening Process
Method

A scorecards method is being used based on
sector and project characteristics

Different scorecards are included in the
Screening Manual and Tool

Completed scorecard provides project teams
with levels of risk and required mitigation
measures.
Process
The screening process follows 6 steps:
Step 1:
select
scorecard

Step 2:
enter basic
information
Step 3:
select
options &
scores
Step 4: add
up &
categorize
Step 5:
enclose to
the PCN
Task Managers are requested to:






Select scorecards according to sector and project
characteristics;
Enter basic information on project, once scorecard is selected;
Answer questions: possible answers are presented as a number
of options, each one with a predetermined score;
Add up scores and categorize: selected option scores are added
up to obtain a total score for the project;
Based on the total score, the project is classified based on its
climate vulnerability;
Completed scorecard and screening summary are enclosed to
the Project Concept Note and sent to ORQR for inspection,
approval, and follow up.
Project classification

The process will result into 3 types of projects:
CATEGORY 1
High vulnerability
Scores above 60
Projects with important opportunities for climate change adaptation,
require a comprehensive evaluation of climate risks and adaptation
measures to be costed and integrated into project design and
implementation.
CATEGORY 2
Projects with climate change adaptation opportunities, but the
adaptation efforts needed are less than in Category 1. It requires a
Medium vulnerability review of specific components of the project and a plan to
Scores between 30-60 incorporate CRMA measures into project design and
implementation.
CATEGORY 3
Low vulnerability
Scores below 30
Projects not significantly exposed to additional climate risk and
opportunities for climate change adaptation are not essential. No
further review is required.
Case studies
Transport Sector



SCORECARD: Transport – Roads
PROJECT: Ethiopia Bedele–Metu & Kombolcha–Bati–Mille Roads
Upgrading Project.
The project is classified as CATEGORY 2 for climate adaptation.
Topic
1. Damage to road
infrastructure
2. Impact of flooding
3. Critical
infrastructure
4. Impact of road
management
practices
5. Design life time of
the road surface
TOTAL SCORE

Selected Option
What kind of terrain do the project roads
cross?
Are the project roads susceptible to
flooding?
Will the roads (after project completion) form
part of the host country’s critical
infrastructure?
Does the host government have the
institutional capacity and/or budget for
effective road management?
What is type of road surface is planned for
the project?
Score
15
10
5
7
10
47
Based on the screening exercise, a review of climate change risk and
adaptation options is required, with a focus on the topics that
scored highest, namely: Damage to road infrastructure.
Agriculture sector (1)


SCORECARD: Agriculture – Cropping & Irrigation
PROJECT: Ethiopia Koga irrigation and watershed management
project. The project is classified as CATEGORY 1
Topic
1. Water resource
availability for
irrigation
2. Soil erosion
3. Impact of severe
weather conditions on
project activities
4. Physical
infrastructures
5. Building capacity in
agriculture
6. Cropping and
irrigation technologies
and systems
TOTAL SCORE

Selected Option
Irrigation activities are planned in an area
where rainfall exceeds evaporation
throughout the year
Some of the project activities will be
implemented on a hill slope area and could
intensify soil erosion
The project is located in an area with
prolonged or recurrent and severe droughts
and floods
The project includes the construction of a
dam for irrigation
The project is building and strengthening
institutional capacity (e.g. new agricultural
legislation, strengthening the agricultural
capacity of environmental bodies)
The project plans to improve the irrigation
and cropping systems in place (e.g. use of
fertiliser, new seeds, pest-control, rotation,
new cultivars, Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMOs), drought-resistant
crops)
Score
10
20
20
20
5
7
82
The evaluation should focus on : Soil erosion; impact of severe
weather conditions on project activities and physical infrastructure.
Agriculture sector (2)
SCORECARD: Agriculture – Livestock
PROJECT: Tuléar Fishing Communities Support Project in
Madagascar. It is classified as CATEGORY 2.


Topic
1. Livestock feed
2. Physical
infrastructures
3. Capacity building in
livestock management
4. Livestock breeding
system
5. Pest and disease
prevention and control
TOTAL SCORE

Selected Option
Fodder or animal feed is not relevant to the
project
The project plans the construction of
infrastructure with an expected frequency of
maintenance and replacement that is less
than 20 years (e.g. animal husbandry,
breeding stations, for production and
distribution centres, aquaculture facilities,
wharfs and associated facilities, sanitation
facilities, water boreholes and reservoir)
The project encompasses building and
strengthening institutional capacity (e.g. new
legislation, environmental bodies, resource
development and management plan)
The project plans to improve current
breeding system (e.g. selection of breeds,
improve reproductive and growth
performance)
Pest and disease prevention and control are
not relevant for the project
The review should focus on physical infrastructure.
Score
0
15
10
10
0
35
Water sector


Scorecard: ‘Water’
Project : Small Towns and Rural Water Supply and Sanitation
Project in Kenya. The project is classified as CATEGORY 1
Topic
Selected Option
Score
1.Asset lifetime
The project includes major physical assets
with an asset life of > 30 years
All four criteria included to an adequate level
25
There is sustained dry season with no
rainfall and high evaporation
There is commitment to develop contingency
or response plans
Extreme events (either prolonged droughts
or floods) are common in the project region
The viability of maintaining supplies/services
to some users is already at risk
15
2. Service continuity
3. Water resources
4. Risk management
5. Resource variability
6. Competing uses
TOTAL SCORE

2
5
15
10
72
The evaluation should focus on the topics that scored highest,
namely: Asset lifetime; water resources; and resources variability
Energy sector (1)


SCORECARD: Energy – excluding hydroelectric generation
PROJECT: Burkina Faso Rural Electrification project. It is classified
as CATEGORY 2.
Topic
1. Risk of flooding
Selected Option
Are new or existing installations (excluding
pylons) on flood plains or areas susceptible
to flooding?
On what kind of terrain is the distribution
network (pylons, substations, etc) located?
2. Risk of river
erosion, coastal
erosion and landslide
3. Water requirements Are generation installations dependent on
scarce water sources?
4. Critical
Will the project distribution network (after
infrastructure
completion) form part of the host country's
(distribution)
critical infrastructure?
5. Critical
Will the project generation capacity (after
infrastructure
completion) form part of the host country's
(generation)
critical infrastructure?
TOTAL SCORE

Score
25
15
0
5
0
45
The review of climate change risk and adaptation options should
focus mainly on the topics that scored highest, namely: Risk of
flooding
Energy sector (2)



SCORECARD: Energy – Hydroelectric generation
PROJECT: Sahanivotry Hydroelectric Power Station Project
The project is classified as CATEGORY 1 for climate adaptation.
Topic
1. Water availability in
the catchment area
2. Asset life time
3. Critical
infrastructure
TOTAL SCORE

Selected Option
Is the project dependent on scarce water
supplies?
Is the project a rehabilitation of an existing
facility/ facilities or the construction of a new
facility/ facilities?
What is the generating capacity of the
project?
Score
25
30
15
70
The evaluation should focus on water availability in the catchment
area; and asset life time
Country Adaptation Factsheets
Country Adaptation Factsheets

A Country Adaptation Fact Sheet (CAFS) is a short (3-4
pages) document giving an overview of climate risks,
climate variability and change, and adaptation
information at the country scale.

The CAFS provides information on: current climate risks;
recent trends; future scenarios; and adaptation needs

It provides a point of entry for country teams to
familiarise themselves with the key climate related issues
facing the country, thereby enabling the team to put the
relevant issues on the agenda when developing or
updating the Country Strategy Paper (CSP).
Case Study:Tanzania

Current climate: Basic indicators of climate-related risks
Indicator
Value
Year
Original Data Source
Workforce in agriculture
78.7%
2004
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO)
Number of people affected by
drought
5,154,000
2000 - 2009
Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT)
% total population
undernourished
35%
2003 - 2005
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO), Statistics Division
Number of people affected by
flood events
46,750
2000 - 2009
Emergency Events Database (EM-DAT)
% total population living within
100km of coast
19.8%
2000
Center for International Earth Science Information
Network (CIESIN), Columbia University
% of urban population living in
slums
66.4%
2005
UN-Development Indicators Unit Statistics
Division
Notified cases of malaria per
100,000 population
24,088
2008
UN-Development Indicators Unit Statistics
Division
Case Study:Tanzania (cont’d)


Current climate: Tanzania has a tropical climate with
regional variations due to topography.
Temperatures range from 17-25°C (e.g. Dar es Salaam).
Highland regions are more temperate (e.g. Mbeya,
20‐23°C).
Case Study:Tanzania (cont’d)

Current climate: The amount of rainfall across Tanzania
varies greatly between regions, and can be as much as
300 mm per month in the wettest regions and seasons.
Case Study:Tanzania (cont’d)

Recent climate trends: the mean annual temperature
has increased by approximately 1.0°C since 1960.

Increasing trends in the frequency of hot days, but
much larger increasing trends in the frequency of hot
nights, especially from December to February

Significant decreasing trends in annual rainfall, notably
in the ‘long’ rains (March to May): annual rainfall has
decreased at an average rate of 2.8mm per month per
decade (3.3%)

The greatest annual decreases have occurred in the
southern most parts of Tanzania.

It’s currently difficult to say anything conclusive about
changes in extreme rainfall events.
Case study: Tanzania (cont’d)

Future scenarios: GCMs projections show increase of mean

annual temperature by 1.0 to 2.7°C by the 2060s, and 1.5 to 4.5°C by
the 2090s
Changes in sea levels rise, especially for Zanzibar and Bagamayo,
GCM projections indicate increases in annual rainfall. Scenarios and
abnormalities are shown below

Case study: Tanzania (cont’d)

Adaptation planning: The number of climate adaptation
projects taking place in Tanzania is rapidly increasing,
particularly in water, agriculture sectors.

However coordination of these efforts remains limited.

The NAPA process in Tanzania (completed in 2007)
identified some early adaptation priorities, such as:

Increasing food security;

Increasing water security;

Coastal groundwater management;

Reforestation on mountain slopes;

Livelihood diversification.
Case study: Tanzania (cont’d)

Adaptation planning: Overview of international funded
climate projects in Tanzania
Dispersed to
Disbursed by
Amount
approved
(USD mn)
Amount
dispersed
(USD mn)
Activity
focus
National Adaptation Plan (NAPA) for United
Republic of Tanzania
Least Developed
Countries Fund
0.20
0.20
Adaptation
FA with the Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs Global Climate
+TA
Change Alliance
1.33
0.78
Multiple foci
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Integrated Water
Resources Management in Pangani River Basin
Special Climate
Change Fund
1.00
1.00
Adaptation
Developing Core Capacity to Address Adaptation to
Climate Change in Productive Coastal Zones
Least Developed
Countries Fund
3.10
3.10
Adaptation
17.38
17.38
Mitigation
Combined mitigation total (including REDD)
Case study: Tanzania (cont’d)

Adaptation planning: Overview of current key actors
working on climate change and adaptation
Function
Lead Agencies
National CC Focal Point and
coordinating entity
Division of Environment in the Vice President’s Office
Research
Institute for Resource Assessment (IRA) at the University of Dar es Salaam; Sokoine
University of Agriculture
Weather data
Tanzania Meteorological Agency
Sectoral initiatives
IWRM: Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation; River Basin Water Boards
REDD: IRA Secretariat to National REDD Task Force
Civil society coordination
Tanzanian Civil Society Forum on Climate Change (ForumCC)
Development Partners
DANIDA; DfID; EU; UNDP; UNEP
Case study: Tanzania (cont’d)

Adaptation planning: Additional documentation that
may be needed to inform the adaptation planning
process, include:
 Climate change assessment
 Stakeholder network map:
 Sectoral vulnerability assessments
 Disaster risk assessment
 Economic analysis of adaptation options
 Adaptation project inventory
Conclusion




The outcome of CSS will have implications for Bank’s
ESAP, as climate change needs to be looked at two
different angles:
 Assessment of impacts of projects on climate change
 Assessment of impacts of climate change on projects.
The CSS brings additional analysis on climate risks,
aiming at increasing the consideration of climate change
in project design and minimizing the impacts of climate
change on projects
This contributes also to incorporate best practices on
adaptation into SESA process.
The current exercise will be completed by August 2011,
with the outlook to be incorporated into the Integrated
Safeguards System (ISS)
For more information:
Web site:
www.afdb.org
E-mail:
[email protected]