Download Genetics Study Guide (Chapter 5)

Heredity - Inheritance and Variation of Traits
Study Guide (Chapter 5)
Test on Friday, April 15th
You need to know:
Why do organisms look or behave in certain ways? (LS3-1)
Vocabulary: genetics, heredity, chromosome, gene, DNA, protein, trait, mutation.
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Where did your genes come from?
How many chromosomes does the average human have?
Where are chromosomes found?
Where are genes found?
What do genes do?
Why are proteins important? (What do they do?)
What are examples of structural, behavioral, and functional traits?
How do genetic mutations occur?
What changes can occur as they result of a genetic mutation?
Why do kids look similar to their parents? (LS3-2)
Vocabulary: offspring, asexual reproduction, sexual reproduction, allele, dominant allele, recessive allele,
genotype, phenotype, heterozygous (hybrid), homozygous (purebred), Punnett square, incomplete dominance
(co-dominance), and sex-linked traits.
1. What is an offspring and how is an offspring produced?
2. Compare and contrast asexual and sexual reproduction and the genetics of the offspring produced.
(What are advantages and disadvantages of each?)
3. Make a genotype (RR, Rr, rr) when phenotype information is given (Heterozygous right handed, left
handed, etc)
4. Describe the phenotype (right/left handed) when give the genotype information (RR, Rr, rr).
5. Make a Punnett square and be able to determine the offspring percentages for traits.
6. Make a Punnett square for incomplete dominance (black, white, and gray chickens or red, white, and
pink flowers). Be able to explain why we see BOTH alleles (black AND white) in the offspring instead
of just one.
7. Complete a Punnett square for blood types. (chart will be provided)
8. What is a sex-linked disorder and how is it different from a regular trait or disorder? On which
chromosome are these sex-linked genes found?
9. Make a Punnett square for a sex-linked disorder.
Use Chapter 5, worksheets, power points, and handouts to help you prepare for the multiple choice, Punnett
squares, and open ended questions test.
LS3 Heredity: Inheritance and Variation of Traits
Standards and Evidence Statements
MS-LS31.
Develop and use a model to describe why structural changes to genes (mutations) located on
chromosomes may affect proteins and may result in harmful, beneficial, or neutral effects to the
structure and function of the organism.[Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on conceptual understanding
that changes in genetic material may result in making different proteins.] [Assessment Boundary:
Assessment does not include specific changes at the molecular level, mechanisms for protein synthesis, or
specific types of mutations.]
MS-LS32.
Develop and use a model to describe why asexual reproduction results in offspring with identical
genetic information and sexual reproduction results in offspring with genetic variation. [Clarification
Statement: Emphasis is on using models such as Punnett squares, diagrams, and simulations to describe the
cause and effect relationship of gene transmission from parent(s) to offspring and resulting genetic variation.]