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EVOLUTION REVIEW
Name the two geologists whose ideas about the age of the earth and processes that shaped it influenced Darwin.
____________________________ & ______________________________
These are examples of________________ structures because they come from the same
embryonic tissue.
Name 5 kinds of evidence that support Darwin’s Theory of Evolution.
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
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Breeding cows that give the most milk or the fastest horses is an example of __________________
Darwin’s idea that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time is called ______________
The ability of an organism to survive in its environment is called ______________.
Lamarck proposed that organisms could alter the size or shape of their bodies through use or
disuse and pass these traits on to their offspring. This idea is called ____________________ ___
________________ _______________.
Tell why he was incorrect.
Physical characteristics like walrus tusks and porcupine quills or behavioral characteristics like
hibernating and living in herds are examples of inherited traits called
_____________________that help an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment.
In addition to observing living organisms, Darwin studied the preserved remains of ancient organisms called __________.
Name the island where Darwin observed finches, iguanas, and turtles that led to his Theory of Evolution. ______________
A well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world is called a __________.
The process in which organisms that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce is called ____________.
Which of the following is NOT part of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution?
A. Organisms in a population show a natural variation in heritable traits.
B. Organisms must compete for resources because organisms produce more offspring than can survive.
C. Individuals best suited to their environment will survive and reproduce most successfully passing on their
traits.
D. Species alive today are descended with modification from ancestral species that lived in the distant past.
E. Evolution unites all organisms into a single “tree of life”
F. Acquired traits can be inherited.
________________ organs are reduced in size and no longer functional. Give an example____________________________
Name the naturalist whose ideas about evolution were similar to Darwin’s and who prompted Darwin to publish his book “On
the Origin of Species”.
Whales and sharks are not closely related but have similar body shapes. This is an example of ______________ evolution.
Traits that show this kind of distribution (like lima bean length, human intelligence, or
skin color) and are determined by more than one gene are
called _____________________,
Label the kind of selection with the graph shown below.
A.
B.
C.
Genetic drift happens in populations that are? Small or Large
A ___________ __________ consists of all the different alleles that are present in a population.
In genetic terms, evolution is a change in the _____________ _______________ of alleles in a population.
Name the type of macroevolution in which two organisms evolve in response to changes in each other.
The process by which organisms with different recent ancestors change to become more alike
because they live in the same kind of environment is called ______________ evolution.
Name the kind of macroevolution in which populations show a pattern of long stable periods
interrupted by brief periods of rapid change.
A situation in which allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of
the population is known as the ________________ _________________.
Another name for divergent evolution is ______________ _______________.
The process by which organisms that share recent common ancestors change to become
different is called _______________ evolution.
Darwin believed in the idea that evolution happened slowly over a long period of time called
__________
A. punctuated equilibrium
B. gradualism
C. symbiosis
D. mass extinction
A situation in which the allele frequencies change as a result chance is called ______________________________________
Evidence suggests that at the end of the Cretaceous period an asteroid hit the Earth causing the loss of many species including
the dinosaurs. This is an example of what pattern of evolution?
A population of birds lives in an area where plants with medium sized seeds are wiped out by a fungal infection. Birds with
unusually large or small beaks would have higher fitness than those with medium sized beaks. Over time the population splits
into two subgroups; one that eats small seeds and one that eats large seeds. This is an example of
_________________________ selection.
In birds, feather color among males is more likely to attract a mate, but also more likely to attract a predator. Over time and
many generations, the highest frequency color is for males with medium colors, while males with very dull colors and males
with very bright colors became increasingly rare. This is an example of _____________________________ selection.
The last test in Biology class was extremely hard. A graph of the scores shows a bell shaped curve with the average score being
a 68% D. The teacher curves the test scores so that the new class average is a 77% C. The graph that shows this change would
look similar to a graph showing
which kind of selection?
WHAT SHOULD I KNOW ABOUT EVOLUTION
To what place did the Beagle travel that most influenced Darwin’s ideas?
Who are the following and what role did each play in Darwin’s Theory of Evolution?
(James Hutton, Thomas Malthus, Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, Charles Lyell, Alfred Wallace)
What ideas about competition and resources in human populations did Malthus propose?
What theories about the age of the earth and how it is formed did Lyell and Hutton propose
that influenced Darwin’s thinking?
How did Lamarck’s ideas about selective use or disuse of organs, inheritance of acquired traits, and
evolution of species influenced Darwin?
What was Lamarck right about? What was incorrect about Lamarck’s hypothesis?
How did Wallace’s ideas about evolution influence Darwin’s feelings about publishing his own theory?
What book did Darwin publish that explained his ideas and proposed a mechanism for evolution?
What kinds of evidence support Darwin’s theory?
(Artificial selection, Fossil records, geographic distribution, homologous structures & vestigial organs, embryology, DNA;
natural selection in today)
What does the fossil record tell us about the history of life?
What is the “struggle for existence”? Fitness? Adaptation? Natural variation? Struggle for existence?
“survival of the fittest”/Natural selection? Descent with modification? Common descent?
What did Darwin also call “survival of the fittest”? (natural selection)
How does the geographic distribution of different animals support Darwin’s theory?
What are homologous structures? What are Vestigial organs? How do these support Darwin’s theory?
What is a gene pool? What is relative frequency?
In genetic terms, a change in the relative frequency of alleles in population = ?
What are the sources of genetic variation in populations? What causes these?
What is a single-gene trait? What is a polygenic trait?
How is the number of phenotypes related to the number of genes that control the trait?
What type of distribution curve can be seen with polygenic inheritance?
Tell the 3 ways natural selection can affect the distributions of phenotypes in a bell-shaped curve?
Be able to identify examples of each of these.
How is evolution different in small populations? What is genetic drift? What is Founder effect?
What is macroevolution? What is mass extinction?
What is Punctuated equilibrium/gradualism? Be able to identify examples of these.