Download Ancient Rome

ANCIENT ROME
ANCIENT ROME LEARNING GOALS
4- In addition to a 3, I can explain how
and why the ideas of government and
citizenship developed in Rome
3- I understand the the enduring Roman
contributions and their impact on later
civilization’s government and
citizenship
2- I understand the development of
concepts of government and
citizenship in Ancient Rome
1- I understand the different types of
government
4- I can explain the impact Rome has had
on the US
3- I understand the the enduring Roman
contributions and their impact on later
civilization’s scientific and cultural
advancements
2- I understand the development of
scientific and cultural advancements
1- I understand the ways Rome changed
science and culture
4
In addition to a 3,
I can explain how
and why the ideas
of government
and citizenship
developed in
Rome
I can explain
the impact
Rome has
had on the
US
3
I understand the
the enduring
Roman
contributions and
their impact on
later civilization’s
government and
citizenship
I understand the the
enduring Roman
contributions and
their impact on later
civilization’s
scientific and
cultural
advancements
2
I understand the
development of
concepts of
government and
citizenship in
Ancient Rome
I understand
the
development of
scientific and
cultural
advancements
1
I understand
the different
types of
government
I understand
the ways
Rome
changed
science and
culture
THE ROMAN REPUBLIC
PICTURE THIS CIVILIZATION
Corrupt government- no one trusts the government
Do not value children
Promiscuous
Don’t value life
Violence, between people is common
Violence is entertainment- sports that are violent
HOW DID ROME DEVELOP?
Creation Myth Founded by Romulus and Remus
of Rome
 Twin sons of Mars
 Abandoned on the Tiber River
 Raised by a Wolf
They decided to build a city
Geography of
Rome
7 Rolling Hills- easy to defend
Tiber River- for trade
Good farm land
HOW DID THE REPUBLIC DEVELOP?
Monarchy
Rome had Kings in its early year
The last King was a harsh Tyrant
The Romans over threw him and vowed
to never have another King
Republic
Form of government in which power rests with
citizens who have the right to vote for their
leaders
HOW DID THE REPUBLIC WORK?
Patricians
Plebeians
Wealthy upper class
Hold government positions
Citizens with right to vote
Could not hold gov position
Had their own assembly of elected representatives called
Tribunes
 Protect them from unfair laws of Patricians
12 Tables
A written law code
All had the right to the protection of the law
HOW DID THE REPUBLIC WORK?
Mix of
Government
3 Branches
similar to US
Elements of Democracy,
Monarchy, and aristocracy
Executive: 2 Consuls
Legislative: Senate- made laws, different
assemblies to govern different areas
Judicial: Praetors- 8 Judges over see all courts
In Crisis
Can appoint a dictator- for 6 months
THE ROMAN EMPIRE
WHY DID THE REPUBLIC COLLAPSE
Economic
Trouble
Gap between rich and poor grew
1/3 population was enslaved
¼ urban poor
Former soldiers living in poor conditions, landless
Led to armed conflict
Military
Trouble
As republic was unstable- generals seized power for
themselves (not Rome)
Paid soldiers by giving them land, soldiers were loyal
to the generals
HOW DID JULIUS CAESAR GAIN POWER?
Triumvirate
Group of 3 Rulers- Julius Caesar,
Pompey, and Crassus
 Ruled Rome together for 10 years
 Julius Caesar was Consul 1 year
Caesar’s military
Was governor of Gaul (France)
Led successful military engagements
over
all
 Pompey was afraid of him gaining too
much power
Pompey has the Senate order him to Rome
Caesar becomes
dictator
He returns with his army- he has the support of the
military and most people
Is named dictator- for life
WHAT DID JULIUS CAESAR ACCOMPLISH?
Julius Caesar's Expanded Roman citizenship
reforms
Expanded the Senate
Created jobs
Built new public buildings
Increased pay for soldiers
His death
On March 15, 44 BC he was stabbed to death in
the Senate chambers
 Planned by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius
THE ROMAN EMPIRE
Continued
MOVIE TIME
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FI1ylg4GKv8
While watching consider the following:
1.) How would you react if you were in the audience?
2.) Why do you think this form of entertainment is so popular?
3.) Does anything we do today reflect the same values?
HOW DID OCTAVIAN BECOME EMPEROR?
Second Triumvirate
General Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian
(Caesar’s adopted son)
 Ruled for 10 years
 All falls apart- Lepidus is forced to retire,
Antony and
Cleopatra
Antony meets Cleopatra while leading troops
Follows her to Egypt
Octavian accuses Antony of plotting to rule
Rome from Egypt
Civil War (Antony has help from Cleo)
Octavian wins and becomes the sole Ruler of
Rome- Emperor
 Takes the title Augustus
Antony and Cleopatra commit suicide
WHAT WAS THE CULTURE OF ANCIENT ROME?
Pax Romana
Period of peace and prosperity in Rome
 3million Square miles, 60-80million people
Government
One Emperor and a Senate
Civil Service- paid officials to run day to day of
Government
 Tax collection,. Grain supply, post office
 Plebians
Economics
Common Coinage- silver denarius
Complex Road system

Made trade within empire easy
Agriculture- most important
industry
WHAT WAS THE CULTURE OF ANCIENT ROME?
Society
Many unemployed, poor
Gap between rich and poor
Conquered people become slaves
Gladiators
Games-take peoples minds
off life
Rich and poor
Coliseum- giant stadium
 -50,000 people
Men and animals would
fight to the death
ROMAN LIFESTYLE SKIT
With a group of 4-5 people you will create a skit to
illustrate one aspect of life in Ancient Rome
Requirements
Skit must be written down- for a grade
All members must participate in the skit
Skit must portray your aspect of Roman life accurately
Have fun!
THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
PLAN A VACATION- YOU HAVE 24 HOURS IN ROME- WHAT DO
YOU DO? PICK 2
Ancient Rome's huge
amphitheater, holding up to
55,000 people, was built
by Emperor Vespasian in
AD 80 and was the scene
of many deadly
gladiatorial and wild
animal fights.
The Roman Forum comprises much
of the Ancient Rome's most
important structures, from shrines to
government houses to monuments.
Although much of the complex is in
ruins, you can see the remains and
imagine the former glory of the
Arch of Septimius Severus, the
Temple of Saturn, the Arch of Titus
and the House of the Vestal
Virgins, among other structures.
The Pantheon is known for its
perfect proportions — which is
amazing, seeing as it was
raised in 120 A.D. While
you're there, you can also pay
your respects to Raphael (the
artist, not the ninja turtle), as
well as Italian kings Victor
Emmanuel II and Umberto I,
who are all buried there.
The Ancient Appian Way
has a history that dates
back to 312 B.C. and
includes the 71 B.C.
execution of Spartacus'
army, and many a Roman
military march. These
days, it makes for a good
walk with numerous
monuments to stop and
see along the way.
WHY DID ROME FALL?
Economic
Factors
Inflation- drop in value of money &rise in prices
Poor harvest
Rise in taxes
Military
factors
Became less disciplined, loyal and patriotic
Soldiers were loyal to their general not Rome
Mercenaries- hired soldiers
 Problems recruiting Citizens
Threat from northern European Tribes
WHY DID ROME FALL?
Social
Factors
Disease
Food shortage
Corruption
 Lack of patriotism, faith in the empire
No longer interested in public affairs
Political
Factors
Political office was seen as a burden
Military interference in politics
Civil war
Division of Empire
 Moving capitol to Byzantium
HOW WAS THE ROMAN EMPIRE DIVIDED?
Diocletian
Rome was too large for one ruler
Divided into Greek speaking
East and Latin speaking West
 Appointed a co-leader of the west
Constantine
Ruled over both parts of the
Empire
Moved the capital from Rome to Byzantium
Changed name to Constantinople
After he dies it is split in half again
West-falls, East-thrives
HOW DID ROME FALL?
Germanic
Invaders
Germanic tribes were invaded by a group of
Mongols from Asia called the Huns
The Germanic people then pushed into Rome
The Huns
The Huns led by Attila the Hun attacked
and plundered cities throughout Rome
Eventually disease stopped them
Romulus
Augustulus
Last Roman Emperor
Ousted by German forces
expansion of empire