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Download A.P. World History Rome Review Sheet Location/Geography
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A.P. World History Rome Review Sheet Location/Geography - City of Rome is in Central Italy - At it’s greatest extent spanned from what is now Portugal in the west to Syria in the East. From the Scottish border in the north to Egypt and North Africa. - The Alps to Rome’s north, formed a natural barrier against Gallic invaders. - The Apennine mts. Protected developing Rome from other Italian powers Beginnings - Founded ~753 B.C.E (according to legend: created by Romulus and Remus) Kingdom of Rome: 753-509 B.C.E -Up to 509 B.C.E. Rome is ruled by a line of seven Etruscan kings. The Roman Republic (SPQR): 509-44 B.C.E - Romans rebel against the last Etruscan king (the very unpopular Tarquinius Superbus) and form a “Res Publica” (rule of the people)/Republic. - Ruled by the Senate, the Republic’s governing body consisting of members of the Patrician (nobility) class. - Two co-consuls were elected annually by the Senate to serve as an executive branch. - Governors were appointed by the senate to administer captured territories/provinces. - With Roman victory in the Punic Wars (1,2,3) against Carthage, Rome became the dominant power in the Western Mediterranean. - Rome successfully expanded into Greece, Anatolia (Turkey), Syria, Israel, and Egypt either through direct conquests or by making client-states. - As Rome’s power grew civil wars occurred, such as when the roman general and politician, Sulla, took Rome by military force and ruled as dictator. The First Triumvirate - Towards the end of the republic, three men rose to prominence (Crassus, Pompey Magnus, and Julius Caesar). - After Crassus’s death, tension grew between Caesar and Pompey, culminating in another civil war. - Caesar emerged victorious, declared himself dictator for life, some senators rebel and Caesar is assasinated. The Roman Empire: 40 B.C.E.-476 C.E. - After Caesar’s assassination a second triumvirate was created constituted of Caesar’s grandnephew and appointed heir Octavian, his right hand man and best friend Mark Antony, and Lepidus. - Octavian emerged victorious in the civil war that ensues and changes his name to Augustus, become emperor. - Emperor Diocletian led many reforms and in 293 A.D divided the empire between four co-emperors - Constantine became the first Christian emperor, reunited under one ruler, and moved the capital to Constantinople. - Rome split into eastern and western halves - Internal Power Struggles, Corruption, barbarian invasions, Rome (although sacked before), fell in 476 Economy - Originally agriculture based, became trade focused as they gained control of trade routes.