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Ancient Rome Test
Study Guide!
1. Who was Rome’s first king? Romulus
2. Mars, the Roman god of war, had twin sons named Romulus and Remus.
3. Who were the wealthy and powerful people of Rome? patricians
4. Who were the poor working men and women? plebeians
5. Rome is on the Italian Peninsula.
6. Each year, Roman citizens got to elect two consuls who were the most important
Roman officials in the republic.
7. The Punic Wars were between Rome and Carthage.
8. Who was the Carthaginian leader who crossed the Alps and fought the Romans on
the Italian peninsula for 16 years? Hannibal
9. Who was named governor of two provinces of Rome and led a huge army to
conquer Gaul? Julius Caesar
10. Pompey was once a friend of Caesar’s, but became jealous when Caesar rose in
power. He eventually joined Caesar’s enemies in the Senate. After he lost the
civil war with Caesar, he was killed by the King of Egypt.
11. Who was the Queen of Egypt that befriended Caesar and helped Marc Antony
after Caesar’s death? Cleopatra
12. Members of the Senate ambushed and killed Caesar to prevent him from marrying
Cleopatra and moving the Roman government to Alexandria.
13. Caesar’s friends, Marc Antony and Octavian, fought against Caesar’s assassins in
the civil war after Caesar’s death.
14. Octavian was once Marc Antony’s friend and co-ruler of Rome. He later defeated
Antony’s army which resulted in Antony and Cleopatra killing themselves.
15. Octavian was given the name Augustus after he took power.
16. The Roman Empire took over all the land surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.
17. Romans worshipped many gods and goddesses.
18. Romans went here to watch chariot races:
Circus Maximus
19. How was Pompeii destroyed? a volcano named Mt. Vesuvius
20. Pompeii is important in Rome’s history because the debris preserved many parts
of Roman culture.
21. Why did the Romans persecute Christians? The Romans didn’t like that the
Christians only worshipped one god and refused to worship their many gods. They
were afraid the gods would become angry and punish all of Rome.
22. Who was Rome’s first Christian emperor? Constantine
23. When did the Western Roman Empire end? 476 A.D.
24. What is the most interesting thing you learned about Ancient Rome? Why did
you find it interesting? (minimum 3-4 complete sentences, chose different
sentence lengths by using simple, compound, and complex sentences)
(Answer on your own at home. Be prepared to answer on test!)