Download FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE

FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE
AFTER CAESAR'S DEATH - THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE
• There was a civil war in Rome after Julius Caesar's death.
• Three of Julius Caesar's supporters joined forces and defeated the
people who assassinated him.
• Octavian - Caesar's 18-year old grandnephew
• Mark Antony - one of Caesar's generals
• Marcus Lepidus - another one of Caesar's generals
• The Roman Empire was divided into three parts.
AFTER CAESAR'S DEATH - THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE
MARK ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA
• Over time, Octavian and Mark Antony became rivals.
• Mark Antony fell in love and formed an alliance with Cleopatra, an Egyptian
queen.
• Octavian accused them of trying to overthrow him, so he declared war on
both of them.
• Battle of Actium (in Greece) - Octavian defeated Mark Antony.
• One year later, Octavian invaded Alexandria and conquered Egypt.
• Cleopatra and Antony died.
CLEOPATRA AND MARC ANTONY
CICERO AND OCTAVIAN
• Cicero - famous Roman political leader and writer
• he wanted Rome to return to a representative republican government
• his writings influenced the writers of the Constitution
• Octavian publicly supported Cicero's ideas, but he privately thought Rome
should have one strong ruler
• Octavian was declared consul, tribune, and commander-in-chief for life
• He called himself “Augustus" which means "the majestic one"
• Caesar Augustus became Rome's first emperor.
THE RULE OF CAESAR AUGUSTUS
• Caesar Augustus's rule started a time called the Pax Romana
• He made many changes to the Roman empire
• permanent professional army and the Praetorian Guard
• made the boundaries of the empire easier to defend
• built many public buildings, statues and palaces
• appointed governors to rule different parts of the empire
• changed the law and tax system
• fed the poor