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Transcript
FROM REPUBLIC TO EMPIRE AFTER CAESAR'S DEATH - THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE • There was a civil war in Rome after Julius Caesar's death. • Three of Julius Caesar's supporters joined forces and defeated the people who assassinated him. • Octavian - Caesar's 18-year old grandnephew • Mark Antony - one of Caesar's generals • Marcus Lepidus - another one of Caesar's generals • The Roman Empire was divided into three parts. AFTER CAESAR'S DEATH - THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE MARK ANTONY AND CLEOPATRA • Over time, Octavian and Mark Antony became rivals. • Mark Antony fell in love and formed an alliance with Cleopatra, an Egyptian queen. • Octavian accused them of trying to overthrow him, so he declared war on both of them. • Battle of Actium (in Greece) - Octavian defeated Mark Antony. • One year later, Octavian invaded Alexandria and conquered Egypt. • Cleopatra and Antony died. CLEOPATRA AND MARC ANTONY CICERO AND OCTAVIAN • Cicero - famous Roman political leader and writer • he wanted Rome to return to a representative republican government • his writings influenced the writers of the Constitution • Octavian publicly supported Cicero's ideas, but he privately thought Rome should have one strong ruler • Octavian was declared consul, tribune, and commander-in-chief for life • He called himself “Augustus" which means "the majestic one" • Caesar Augustus became Rome's first emperor. THE RULE OF CAESAR AUGUSTUS • Caesar Augustus's rule started a time called the Pax Romana • He made many changes to the Roman empire • permanent professional army and the Praetorian Guard • made the boundaries of the empire easier to defend • built many public buildings, statues and palaces • appointed governors to rule different parts of the empire • changed the law and tax system • fed the poor