Download Romulus Gracchi Brothers Gaius Marius Lucius Cornelius Sulla

Romulus
The Ancient (possibly Mythological) founder of Rome.
Supposedly raised with his twin brother, Remus, by a
She-wolf. Romulus built Rome on Palatine hill, and ruled
as their first leader in the city.
Gracchi Brothers
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchi were plebian nobles that served
as tribunes in the 2nd century B.C.E. They are considered
the founding fathers of Socialism and Populism. They
helped make reforms to redistribute land to the Plebeians,
which were the common folk.
Gaius Marius
A Roman statesmen and General that made many military
reforms. He reorganized the Roman armies into legions
and cohorts. Marius defeated the invading Germanic tribes,
and was named the third founder of Rome.
Lucius Cornelius Sulla
(136 B.C.E. – 78 B.C.E.) A Roman statesman and general
that worked along with Gaius Marius, was consul twice
and once a dictator. Only man in history to both attack
and occupy Athens and Rome. He made reforms to the
Roman Constitution to restore a balance of power between
the tribunes and the Senate. He retired his dictatorship, and
reinstituted normal constitutional government.
Julius Caesar
Augustus Caesar
Was critical for the transition of the Roman Republic to the
Roman Empire. Part of the first triumvirate with Pompey
and Crassus. Defeated Pompey in battle and assumed
dictatorship over Rome. He conquered Gaul, made reforms
to Roman society and government, centralized the
bureaucracy of the Republic, and was assassinated by a
group of conspirators led by Brutus. His adopted heir,
Octavius, permanently established the Roman Empire.
Adopted heir of Julius Caesar, named Augustus for “the
revered one”. Joined with Mark Antony and Marcus
Aemilius Lepidus for the 2nd Triumvirate. He beat Antony
at the battle of Actium after Lepidus was exiled. This led to
the fall of the triumvirate and so Augustus had to reinstate
the Roman Republic with the governmental power held in
the Senate, while retaining his autocratic power. He
became the sole ruler of Rome and it turned into an
Empire.
Cicero
Marcus Tullius Cicero introduced Romans to the chief
schools of Greek Philosophy and created a philosophical
vocabulary. He was a linguist, translator, and philosopher.
Was first a Quaesator, then a consul and then the
spokesman for the Senate.
Saul of Tarsus
Also known as Paul the Apostle, and St. Paul. He was one
of the earliest and most influential Christian missionaries
and theologian . He made many journeys around the
Roman empire, spreading the Christian faith after he
converted, because he “received a vision”.
Jesus of Nazareth
Conducted a mission of preaching & healing (w/ reported
miracles) in Palestine during about 28 - 30 C.E. His
followers considered him to be the Christ/Jewish Messiah
& the son of God. His teachings led to the creation of
Christianity.
Etruscans
Were an important influence on the Romans after being
conquered by them. Some of their culture blended into
Roman society, such as the building of cities on hills.
Roman Senate
The political institution of classical Rome. During the early
Republic of Rome, the senate’s power was weak. In the
latter years of the Republic it gained more political power
because of the reforms made by the Gracchi brothers.
Punic Wars
A series of 3 wars fought between Rome and Carthage
(264 B.C.E. - 146 B.C.E.) After Rome defeated Carthage,
they became the dominant power in the Western
Mediterranean.
Twelve Tables
The foundation of Roman law. It was the result of a long
dispute between the Patricians and the Plebeians. The
Twelve Tables formed the centerpiece of the Roman
constitution, and was an important part of the Roman
Republic.
Coliseum
It is considered one of the greatest works of Roman
architecture and engineering. It was a large rounded
building used to host sporting events like gladiator fights.
Roman Roads
A system of more than 400,000 km’s off roads connecting
the Roman empire. It was vital for transporting armies and
goods throughout all the Roman territories. It even played a
role in spreading Christianity.
Plebeians
The free, lower class, land holding citizens of ancient
Rome.
Patricians
The group of elite families in Ancient Rome that were
better represented in the Roman assemblies. They were, of
course, the higher class.
Mithraism
A mystery religion practiced in Rome named after the
Persian god, Mithras.
Stoicism
Cult of Isis
A school of Hellenistic Philosophy founded in Athens by
Zeno of Citium in the early 3rd century BC. The Stoics
taught that destructive emotions resulted from errors in
judgment, and that a sage, or person of "moral and
intellectual perfection," would not suffer such emotions.
A cult formed around a popular Egyptian deity, during
ancient Roman times. Followers believed they would
achieve salvation if they followed in her footsteps.
Judaism
The monotheistic religion of the Jews, having its ethical,
ceremonial, and legal foundation in the precepts of the Old
Testament and in the teachings and commentaries of the
rabbis as found chiefly in the Talmud. It was formed by the
Hebrews.
Essenes
Ancient Jews that refused to convert and follow the rule of
Rome.
Christianity
New Testament
A monotheistic religion based around the teachings of
Jesus Christ.
The second major division in the Christian bible. Which
contains Jesus of Nazareth’s teachings.
Sermon on the Mount
Pax Romana
The collection of sayings and teaching of Jesus.
“Roman Peace” A 200 year period of peace following the
rule of Augustus Caesar.
Mare Nostrum
“Our Sea” or the Mediterranean sea which the Romans
controlled.
Pater Familias
“Father of the Family” The head of the Roman family,
which is usually the eldest male. He held legal privileges of
the family, and do what he wanted with it.