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CHAPTER 15 CHECKLIST Darwin/Evolution Bio 1 __________1. Chapter 15 vocabulary __________2. Outline Chapter 15 __________3. View Darwin Video and complete worksheet __________4. Read 15.1 and complete section review questions (attached) __________5. Beagle voyage map __________6. Natural Selection – peppered moth activity __________7. Comparative Anatomy (limbs worksheet) __________8. Comparative embryology __________9. Comparative biochemistry __________10. Fossil activity __________11. Cladogram __________12. Read 15-2 and complete questions (attached) __________13. Evolution in action __________14. Read 15.3 - complete section review questions (attached) __________17. Concept map __________18. Chapter review __________19. Chapter Test Chapter 15 Vocabulary Biology 1 Evolution Strata Natural selection Adaption Fitness Geology Descent with modification Differential Fossil Superposition Relative age Absolute age Biogeography Anatomy Embryology Homologous structures Analogous structures Vestigial structures Biochemistry Phylogeny Cladogram Convergent evolution Divergent evolution Adaptive radiation Artificial selection Coevolution Who was Charles Darwin? Video questions Honors Biology http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/evolution/educators/teachstuds/svideos.html click on video 2 1. When did Charles Darwin begin the voyage on the HMS Beagle? 2. What was Darwin’s job on the HMS Beagle? 3. List the places that Darwin sailed during his voyage on the HMS Beagle. 4. How long did this voyage last? 5. What was the basic idea that Darwin came up with as a result of his voyage? 6. Why didn’t Darwin publish his findings right away? 7. How long did it take to analyze and publish his book regarding his evolution theory? 8. What was the FULL NAME of the book published by Darwin that explained his theory of evolution? Chapter 15-1 Section Review 1. Describe how Cuvier’s and Lyell’s geological theories influenced Darwin’s formation of the theory of evolution. 2. Give a real life example of why Lamarck’s theory of evolution was rejected. 3. Explain how a particular population relates to each of the four parts of evolution by natural selection. 4. Explain why some biologists say that “fitness is measured in grandchildren”. 5. Suppose that an individual has a new trait that makes it live longer than others in its population. Does this individual have greater fitness? Explain. 6. List and explain the two parts of Darwin’s theory of evolution. 7. Relate what you have learned about genetics and heredity to the theory of evolution by natural selection. Voyage of the HMS Beagle Applied Biology Use a colored pencil to draw the route taken by Darwin during his voyage on the HMS Beagle Name(s) ____________________________________ Answer these questions after the pepper moth game found at : http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/pepperedmoth.html Peppered Moth Analysis 1. Data Table Percent Dark Moths Percent Light Moths Lichen Forest Sooty Forest 2. Explain how the color of moths increases or decreases their chances of survival depending on the environment. 3. 500 light colored moths and 500 dark colored moths are released into a polluted forest. After 2 days the moths were recaptured, make a prediction about the number of each type of moth that would be captured. 4. How has the striking change in coloration come about? (Include an explanation of how the dark moth appeared and how the proportion of dark moths changed from 0.0005% to more than 90% in polluted forests.) 5. What underlying law of nature has produced this change? (Use Darwin's theory of evolution and apply it to what you have learned in this investigation.) Comparative Embryology QuickTime™ and a decompressor are needed to see this picture. Based on the embryos above, explain which two are more closely related and which two are least likely to be evolutionarily related. FOSSIL ACTIVITY Your job is to place the fossils in chronological order from oldest to newest. Once this task is completed, you need to explain WHY you placed them in that specific order. PACKET 1 ______________________________ ORDER: WHY: PACKET 2 ______________________________ ORDER: WHY: PACKET 3 ______________________________ ORDER: WHY: PACKET 4 ______________________________ ORDER: WHY: PACKET 5 ______________________________ ORDER: WHY: 15-2 Section Review Biology 1 1. List the order of organisms from deepest in the earth to the surface of one group of organisms (amphibians, shark, reptiles, mammal, human, bird). Describe why you think this is the correct order. Reference structural evidence when possible. 2. Compare and contrast the concepts of homologous structures and analogous structures. 3. Evaluate the usefulness of embryological evidence – how strong a support of evolution do you think embryo similarities provide? 4. Does natural selection act on vestigial structures? Support your answer. 5. Give 3 examples of vestigial structures in humans. 6. If the DNA of a whale, hippopotamus, and a camel were compared, what finding would support the model on p. 307? How similar would each organisms DNA be to the others? 7. Fly embryos and frog embryos differ from each other more than frog embryos and ape embryos do. Approximate a phylogenetic tree for these organisms based on this information. Evolution in Action Describe one example of evolutinin action with the realm of a)medicine (hint bacteria or viruses), b) humans (hint vestigial structures), c) agriculture (hint: artifical selection of traits), d) conservation (hint: endangered species as related to environmental changes) OR e) biotechnology (hint: genetically manipulated pesticideresistant plants) Chapter 15.3 Biology 1 1. Sometimes convergent evolution causes scientists to create phylogenetic trees that show incorrect relationships between organisms. Why? 2. Consistently in earth’s history, divergent evolution had to occur after each mass extinction. Why? 3. What is the meaning of radiation as used in the term adaptive radiation? 4. Compare and contrast artificial and natural selection. 5. Give an example of species that are likely to be coevolving. Describe how each species influences the evolution of the other species. Chapter 15 Biology I Review 1. Define the biological process of evolution. 2. Summarize the history of scientific ideas about evolution include all scientists discussed in your text. 3. Describe how Cuvier’s and Lyell’s geological theories influenced Darwin’s formation of the theory of evolution. 4. When and where did Darwin sail during his 5-year journey on the HMS Beagle. Which location was the most enlightening stop on his journey and why? 5. Explain why some biologists say, “Fitness is measured in grandchildren.” 6. Suppose that an individual has a new trait that makes it live longer than others in its population. Does this make it have greater fitness? Explain. 7. Relate what you have learned about genetic and heredity to the theory of evolution by natural selection. 8. Explain Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution (include 2 parts). 9. Relate the concepts of adaptation and fitness to the theory of natural selection. 10. Explain Kettlewell’s experiment and its significance to evolutionary history. 11. List 5 types of evidence used by scientists that establish evolutionary relationships between organisms. 12. What is biogeography and why is it important to evolution. 13. Compare and contrast the concepts of homologous structures and analogous structures. 14. Explain how anatomy and embryology provide evidence of shared ancestry. 15. How is natural selection related to vestigial structures? 16. Compare the use of biological molecules with other types of analysis of evolutionary relationships. 17. Describe how convergent evolution can result among different species 18. Explain how divergent evolution can lead to species diversity. 19. What is the adaptive radiation and how is it important to evolution? 20. Compare and contrast artificial selection and natural selection. 21. Give an example of a species that are likely to be coevolving. Describe how each species influences the evolution of the other species. ** interpret a cladogram Concept Map Biology 1 Absolute age Analogous Anatomy Biochemistry Biogeography Darwin Descent with modification Differential reproduction Embryology Evidence of evolution Evolution Fossils Gentic variation Homologous Natural selection Overpopulation Relative age Struggle to survive Vestigial structure