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Evolution Summative Assessment DO NOT WRITE ON TEST 1. Industrialmelanismdescribesthechangeinmothcolorfrompaletodarkafterpollutionfromfactoriesresultingincoating treetrunkswithalayerofdarksoot.Whichstatementistrueconcerningindustrialmelanism? a.Afterthepollutionoccurred,mothsbecamedarkbecausesootgotontheirwings. b.Thedarkmothssurvivedbetterafterthepollutionbecausetheywerenotpoisonedbythe pollutants. c.Individualmothschangedtheircolorinresponsetothepollution. d.Duetovariationinthepopulation,somedarkmothswerepresentinthepopulationeven beforepollutionoccurred. 2. ThetongueoffrogspeciesXisstickyanditiswellsuitedfortrappingflyinginsects.Otherfrogshavelessstickytongues. ThestickytongueofspeciesXisanexampleof a.afossil b.anadaptation c.evolution d.useanddisuse DichotomousKeyforGenusProblematica Thoraxandabdomenareentirelyblack Problematicaalva 1 Thoraxisstripedandabdomenisblack Goto2 Antennaeiscurled Problematicabrancus 2 Antennaeisstraight Goto3 Entirewingspanislongerthanbody Problematicacantrellis 3 Entirewingspanisshorterthanbody Goto4 Wingsarecurly Problematicavestigialis 4 Wingsarenotpresent Problematicaapteris Usingthechartabove,towhichspeciesdoestheinsecttotherightbelong? a.Problematicaalva b.Problematicabrancus c.Problematicacantrellis d.Problematicavestigialis Thefollowingitemsaretobeansweredwiththiskey.Identifytheperson(s)whoareassociatedwitheach statement. a.Lamarck b.Darwin c.bothLamarckandDarwin d.neitherone Mostusedorganswilldevelop,andunusedorganswillwasteaway. Becauseanindividualbecomesstrongerorfasteritsoffspringwillhavethesetraits. Organismsarefixedspeciesandneverchange. Organismswilldevelopnewbodystructureswhenneeded. Aspecieswillchangeovermanygenerationswhenindividualswithcertaintraitsproducemoreoffspringthanindividuals withothertraits. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Naturalselectionactson_________________whichinturnmayresultintheevolutionof________________overtime. a.Populations,individuals b.Individuals,species c.Individuals,Individuals d.Individuals,families 10. Howdoesnaturalselectioncontributetothetheoryofevolution? a.Overtime,naturalselectionresultsinchangesintheinheritedcharacteristicsofapopulation. b.Naturalselectionselectsforthesameanimalseverytime c.Naturalselectionresultsfromuseanddisuse. d.Overtime,naturalselectionevolvesindividuals. 11. InhisbookOntheOriginoftheSpecies,CharlesDarwindescribedhowspecieschangeovertime.Whichofthefollowingis NOTpartofhisobservationsthatdescribesthemechanismsofnaturalselection? a.Organismsproducemoreoffspringthancansurvive. b.Organismspassonacquiredcharacteristicstotheiroffspring. c.Speciestodaydescendedwithmodificationsfromancestralspecies. d.Organismswithadvantageswillsurviveandreproduce. 12. WhichofthefollowingprinciplesispartofLamarck’stheoryofevolution? a.Evolutionisagradualprocessthatoccursoverlongperiodsoftime. b.Variationoccursamongindividualsinapopulationwhenindividualsstrivetoimprovethemselves. c.Moreindividualsarebornthanwillsurvive. d.Individualsthatpossessthemostfavorablevariationshavethebestchanceofreproducing. 13. Thestreamlineshapeofsharksandwhales,similarbutnotduetoacommonancestorisanexampleof: a.Analogoustraits b.Homologoustraits c.Artificialselection d.Vestigialtraits 14. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE? a.Analogousstructuresdemonstratecommonancestry. b.Homologousstructuresarethesamebodypartsthataremodifiedindifferentwaysin differentlinesofdescentfromacommonancestor. c.Fossilscanshowevolutionarychangesinbonesandteeth. d.Themoresimilarityinthestructureoftwoproteinsfromdifferentorganisms,themore closelyrelatedtheorganismsare. 15. Whichpatternofevolutionresultsinonespeciesbecomingmanyovertime? a. Adaptiveradiation b. Convergentevolution c. Geneflow d. Analogousstructures 16. WhichofthefollowingisprobablythebestexplanationforthefactthatAntarcticpenguinscannotfly,althoughthereis evidencethatmillionsofyearsagotheirancestorscoulddoso? a.Penguinsliveonlandandfeedinthewater;thereforetheyhavenoneedtofly. b.TheAntarctichomeofpenguinsisflatandbarren;thereforethereisnoplacetofly. c.Ancestralpenguinswithoutlargewingswerebetterabletoswimandfeedinthewater; thereforetheypassedtheirgenesforshorterwingsstructureontotheiroffspring. d.Ancestralpenguinsdidnotusetheirwingsforlongperiodsoftime;thereforetoday’s penguinshaveonlytiny,nonfunctionalwings. Belowisacladogrammissingsomeofitsparts.Usethederivedcharacteristiccharttotherightofthecladogramandthis cladogramtoanswerquestions17-20. Lizard Earthworm Trout Human B. ___________ A. __________ Backbone Organism Derived Character Backbone Legs Hair Earthworm Absent Absent Absent Trout Present Absent Absent 17. WhichderivedcharacterdoesletterArepresent? Lizard Present Present Absent a. Backbone Human Present Present Present b. Legs c. Hair d. Eyes 18. WhichderivedcharacterdoesletterBrepresent? a. Backbone b. Legs c. Hair d. Eyes 19. WhattraitseparatestheLEASTcloselyrelatedorganismfromtheotheranimals? a.Hair b.Legs c.Backbone d.Noneoftheabove 20. Fromthiscladogram,wecanconcludethat______________sharesthemostrecentcommonancestorwithhumans. a.Lizard b.Trout c.Earthworm d.Nonesharewithhumans 21. Duringastudysessionaboutevolution,oneofyourfellowstudentsremarks,"Thegiraffestretcheditsneckwhilereaching forhigherleaves;itsoffspringinheritedlongernecksasaresult."Whichstatementismostlikelytobehelpfulin correctingthisstudent'smisconception? a.Characteristicsacquiredduringanorganism'slifearegenerallynotpassedonthroughgenes. b.Spontaneousmutationscanresultintheappearanceofnewtraits. c.Overproductionofoffspringleadstoastruggleforsurvival. d.Onlyfavorableadaptationshavesurvivalvalue. e.Disuseofanorganmayleadtoitseventualdisappearance. Thediagramillustratesanembryonicstageoftwoorganisms. 22. Whichofthefollowingcanbedeterminedbyobservingtheembryosshowninthediagramabove? a. Theorganismsshareacommonancestry. b. Theorganismsbelongtothesamegenus. c. Theorganismsarenativetothesamegeographicareas. d. Theorganismswillgrowintoanatomicallysimilaradults. 23. Overevolutionarytime,manycave–dwellingorganismshave‘lost’theireyes.Tapewormshave‘lost’theirdigestive systems.Whaleshave‘lost’theirhindlimbs.Howcannaturalselectionaccountfortheselosses? a. Naturalselectioncannotaccountforlosses,onlyforinnovations. b. Naturalselectionaccountsfortheselossesbytheprincipleofuseanddisuse. c. Underparticularcircumstancesthatpersistedforlongperiods,eachofthesestructurespresentedgreater coststhanbenefits. d. Theancestorsoftheseorganismsexperiencedharmfulmutationsthatforcedthemtofindnewhabitatsthat thesespecieshadnotpreviouslyused. 24. Whyhasevolutionresultedinantibioticresistanceinbacteria? a.Bacteriachangetheirmetabolismtocopewiththepresenceofantibiotics b.Bacteriaresistanttotheantibioticssurvivetopassonthischaracteristictotheiroffspring c.Virusesandbacteriaarebothkilledbyantibioticsiftheentirecourseofantibioticsistaken. d.Bacteriahavelearnedhowtoneutralizeeffectsofantibioticsandpassthatontotheiroffspring 25. TobeinHardy-Weinbergequilibrium,apopulationmustbe a. verysmall,haverandommating,noimmigrationoremigration,nomutations,nonaturalselection. b. verylarge,haverandommating,highimmigrationandemigration,manymutations,naturalselection. c. small,havenonrandommating,noimmigrationoremigration,manymutations,nonaturalselection. d. verylarge,haverandommating,noimmigrationoremigration,nomutations,nonaturalselection. 26. Inapopulationswithtwoalleles.Bandb,theallelefrequencyofbis0.3.Whatwouldbethefrequencyofthe heterozygotesifthepopulationisinHardy-Weinbergequilibrium? a.0.9 b.0.49 c.0.42 d.0.7 27.Dogbreedssuchasbeagles,BordercolliesandGermanshepherdswereproducedbytheprocessof a.naturalselection b.artificialselection c.descentwithoutmodification d.inheritanceofacquiredcharacteristics Evolution Answer Sheet NAME____________________________PER___ Record Multiple Choice Answers Below 1. 2. 6. 7. 11. 12. 16. 17. 21. 22. 3. 8. 13. 18. 23. 4. 9. 14. 19. 24. 5. 10. 15. 20. 25. 26. 27. Mouse Species Numberofaminoacidsthatdifferfromthoseinahumanhemoglobinprotein 27 chain(totalchainlength=146aminoacids) Human 0 Rhesusmonkey 8 Frog 67 Chicken 45 Lamprey 125 Mouse 27 ExtendedResponseQuestions 28.Explainhowthedataabovecanbeusedforevidenceofevolution.Whichspeciesaremostcloselyandmostdistantly relatedtohumans?Useevidencetosupportyouranswer.(3points) 29.Thescientifictheoryofevolutionissupportedbydifferenttypesofevidence.Thediagramsbelowshowtheskeletons oftwodifferentanimalspecies,Modern Whale (A & B) and Maiacetus (C & D). Howdoescomparingtheskeletonsofthese animalsprovidesupportforthescientifictheoryofevolution?Usetwoexamplesfromthepicturebelowandexplain howeachprovidessupportforthetheoryofevolution.(4points) 30. The following dragons were caught out in the field. NO WINGS is a recessive trait. Using the information below, find the allele and genotype frequencies for this population. (3 points) Show your work here! 33. Using two specific examples from Super Croc or Dogs & More Dogs, explain how adaptations help organisms survive and reproduce. (4 points) a. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________