Download CHAPTER 22 READING GUIDE

CHAPTER 22 READING GUIDE
NAME ______________________________________
DATE _______________________________ PER ___
HISTORICAL CONTEXT FOR EVOLUTION THEORY
1.
a.
What happened on November, 24, 1859?
b.
What was the first major point made in this book?
c.
What was the second major point?
d.
What is the result of natural selection?
2.
What is natural theology?
3.
a.
Who was the natural theologist who developed the branch of biology known as taxonomy?
b.
Explain his binomial system for naming organisms.
c.
In taxonomic studies, animals are clustered together. Did this imply evolutionary relationships to Linnaeus?
a.
What are fossils?
b.
What kind of rock strata is the common location of fossils?
c.
What is the study of fossils called?
4.
5.
What did Cuvier notice about the fossils in the rock strata of the Paris Basin?
6.
How did Cuvier explain the observed loss or emergence of fossils in the fossil record of the rock strata?
7.
What did Hutton believe regarding the geologic processes that shaped the Earth?
8.
What is gradualism?
9.
What is Lyell’s theory of uniformitarianism?
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10.
11.
12.
What are the two important aspects of the theories of Hutton and Lyell that were important to Darwin?
a.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
b.
________________________________________________________________________________________________
Lamarck proposed a model of how life evolved. His mechanism for this process had two main ideas explaining how
life changed during evolution. List and explain each.
a.
_________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
b.
_________________________________ _____________________________________________________________
What are the three points made in Lamarck’s evolution theory that are correct?
a.
____________________________________________________
b.
____________________________________________________
c.
____________________________________________________
THE DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
13.
a.
What was Darwin’s job during the voyage of the Beagle?
b.
What book did Darwin read on the voyage that had a great impact on his developing ideas about evolution?
14.
What is directly tied to the origin of a new species?
15.
What was the focus of Darwin’s writings about evolution?
16.
a.
Who was Alfred Wallace?
b.
What role did he play is hastening Darwin to write and publish The Origin of Species.
17.
What are dual meanings of the term Darwinism?
a.
_________________________________________________________________________________
b.
_________________________________________________________________________________
18.
What phrase did Darwin use in his book The Origin of Species instead of the word evolution?
19.
What percent of all species that have ever lived on Earth are extinct?
20.
List the Linnean taxonomic hierarchy from largest taxa to the smallest taxa.
_____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ _____________ ____________ ____________
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21.
To summarize Darwin’s main ideas about natural selection.
a.
What is natural selection?
b.
What is the role of the environment?
c.
What is the product of natural selection?
22.
How did the essay written by Thomas Malthus effect Darwin’s thinking about natural selection?
23.
What is the increase in the frequency of environmentally favored traits in a population called?
24.
a.
What is artificial selection?
b.
List two examples.
25.
Darwin was a gradualist. What does that mean?
26.
a.
What is a population?
b.
What is the smallest unit of organisms that can evolve?
27.
Explain how natural selection is responsible for insecticide resistant insects, antibiotic resistant bacteria, and
drug-resistant HIV.
28.
a.
What are anatomical homolgies?
b.
Give some examples.
a.
What is a vestigial organ?
b.
List some examples.
29.
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30.
a.
Explain the following types of homologies and how they are used to show relationships between organisms.
Structural _______________________________________________________________________________________
Embryological ___________________________________________________________________________________
Molecular _______________________________________________________________________________________
b.
What is the best type of homology to use when establishing relatedness between organisms?
31.
How does biogeography explain the continued success of marsupials in Australia?
32.
Is the similarity between Sugar Gliders and Flying Squirrels due to divergent or convergent evolution? Explain.
33.
The Hawaiian Islands are an ideal evolution laboratory. List two animals that have shown speciation similar to that
of the finches of the Galapagos Islands.
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