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Principles of Biology Final Exam Name: ______________________ Fill in the blank space using the most appropriate word from the list provided on the last page of this exam. Each question is worth two points. 1. _____________________ are microorganisms that only exist in the absence of oxygen. 2. The flagellated chambers of sponges are lined with ____________________ that are responsible for the constant flow of water through the sponge. 3. _____________________ are a group of photosynthetic bacteria that were once considered algae. 4. _____________________ was the naturalist on the HMS Beagle in 1831-1836. 5. Organisms with cells that contain a nucleus and membrane bound organelles are called _____________________. 6. _____________________ is the division of the cytoplasm that occurs in telophase. 7. _____________________ individuals carry one dominate and one recessive allele for a particular trait. 8. The ___________________, a product of fertilization is always diploid. 9. The basic structure of the cell membrane (plasma membrane) is a bilayer of ____________________. 10. The ____________________ is the outward expression of the genotype. 11. A ___________________ solution contains a lower solute concentration than that of the cell. 12. Fish, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals are in the phylum ____________________. 13. _____________________ was an Austrian monk who discovered certain laws of heredity in the early 1860s. 14. Bacterial cells occur in three different shapes; spirillum, _________________, and __________________. 15. The ____________________ is a hollow ball of cells that results from multiple mitotic divisions in the zygote. Part II. Unless otherwise instructed (i.e. list or illustrate), you should provide complete but concise sentences in response to the following questions. Use appropriate technical terms when necessary and construct you responses carefully and logically. Carefully label all figures and tables. 16. Use a drawing and labels to show the structure and arrangement of the phospholipid bilayer. Make sure you show the following: hydrophilic and hydrophobic ends of phospholipids, proteins, and cytoplasm. (5 points) 1 17. Compare and contrast characteristics of the five kingdoms in the table below. (15 points) Protista Monera Fungi Animalia Plantae 18. Compare and contrast protostomes and deuterostomes. (4 points) 19. Contrast the functions of mitosis and meiosis. (5 points) 20. Use an example and a short verbal description to explain how breeding with a homozygous recessive individual can allow you to determine an unknown allel in another individual. (6 points) B? x bb 2 21. Use a flow diagram to show the steps in the scientific method. (6 points) 22. Give the formula for photosynthesis and respiration. (6 points) 23. What is conservation biology? (5 points) 24. Who is the author of your textbook? (2 points) 25. Fill in the blank labels in the figure below. (6 points) 3 Word List adenine aerobic Animalia apical apocrine bacillus bacteria blasopore blastula choanocytes choanoflagellates Chordata chromatids chromatin chromosomes coccus cyanobacteria cytokinesis Darwin deuterostomes eukaryotes facultative anaerobes femur Platyhelminthes polar bodies polymorphic Porifera protostomes pseudopodium Si ulna unicellular uricile water xylem zygote flagellum glycolysis guanine heart heterozygous homozygous dominate homozygous recessive hypertonic hypotonic isothermic isotonic Mendel meristem microbiology mitosis Monera morphology obligate anaerobes oxygen phenotype phloem phospholipids 4