Download of Evolution!

Ms. Bruno
Evolution
Name ____________________________________________
Date _______________
Living Environment
Period___________
What is Evolution?

Evolution is ___________________________________________________________

More specifically, it is the change in ________________ ______________________ in a
species over the course of ______________________
Who Was Charles Darwin?

Charles Darwin was an ____________ _______________ who proposed
a ____________ to explain how organisms _____________ over time

In ________ he set sail on a ______ year voyage throughout the world
and visited several __________________ and many remote
______________

During these visits he made many __________________ of the
______________ and _______________ he encountered

In ________ he published his famous work
_________________________________ in which he proposed his
theory of _____________________
Theory of Evolution:
Darwin based his theory on two key ideas:
1. Variations:
2. Natural Selection:
Ms. Bruno
Evolution
Living Environment
Natural Selection
Overproduction:
Competition:
Survival of the Fittest:
What is Adaptive Value?

Any ________ that helps an organism _____________ and _________________ under a given
set of environmental conditions

According to Darwin’s theory, a _____________ environment will select certain ___________
and _________________ of organisms that allow them to _____________ and
____________________
What types of traits do you think have adaptive value?
Examples of Traits:
1. Peppered Moths:
Ms. Bruno
Evolution
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2. Bacterial Resistance to Antibiotics:
3. Galapagos Finches:

The finches on the Galapagos are adapted to _______________________________
Examples of Behaviors:
Nest Building Behavior
Fighting Behaviors
Correct Blinking Behavior
Ms. Bruno
Evolution
Living Environment
Genetics and Evolution:

What disadvantage was Darwin at when he developed his theory of evolution?

When did Mendel’s work on inheritance gain importance? ____________

What two factors could Darwin not explain?
1.
2.
How are New Traits Created in Offspring?

During ___________, (remember crossing over), new
_________________ of ________ occur. This is
called ____________________
___________________________. These genes can
be passed on to offspring!

Mutations: Random _____________ of genes in the
_____________ can create new traits in the offspring.
o
What causes these mutations?
How is Genetics Connected to Evolution?

If a random ________________ or a product of genetic ______________________
creates a new __________ in an individual that is _________________ for survival,
that offspring will have a much greater __________________ of _________________
and passing its genes on to future generations!

As time and __________________ continue, this advantageous trait, or
_______________, will increase in frequency in the population

Sometimes this may lead to the creation of a new ___________. This is called
________________
Mutations are Often Called the “Raw Materials” of Evolution!
Ms. Bruno
Evolution
Living Environment
Evidence for Evolution:
1. Geologic Record: Some evidence for evolution comes
from ___________. Fossils are traces or
____________ of _______ __________
organisms that have been ______________ by
natural processes. Fossils that have formed in
different ____________ of rock show how
___________ have ______________ over time.
2. Geographic Distribution: Different _________ on different ________________ look and
behave in ___________ manners.
a. Why?
3. Homologous Body Structures:
______________ of different organisms
that are similar in __________ but may
differ in _______________. This shows
that these organisms shared a
__________ ____________________.
4. Vestigial Structures: A _____________ that no
longer serves a _____________ in an organism but is
present because it was one __________ in the
organisms ________________ past
a. Examples:
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Evolution
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5. Comparative Embryology: Comparing ___________ of different organisms can indicate they may
have ____________ a _____________ ________________
6. Comparative Biochemistry: Comparing the _____________ makeup of an organism such as
___________, ______________, and other body chemicals
a. The ___________ the similarity, the more closely ______________ the organisms are
and the ______________ the likelihood they share a _______________ ancestor
i. Example:_______________________________________________________
b. Comparing DNA Sequences:
i. The more similar the _________ ________________ is between two
___________, the more closely ______________ they are
ii. What percentage of DNA do humans and chimps share? ____________
Origin of Life on Earth:

All of life on earth has said to have ________________ from one ______________ ancestor

What were the first organisms to evolve? ________________________

How many years ago did life first appear? ___________________

What did these single-celled organisms evolve into? __________________________________
Today, every living species is a descendent from this first life
form!
Ms. Bruno
Evolution
Living Environment
Evolutionary Models:

Simple ________________ diagrams can be used to represent the _________________
relationships among different ______________

These diagrams are called ______________________ ____________

What do branching points represent? ____________________________________

What do ends of branches represent? ___________________________________
1. List the letters of the species that
are currently
alive:____________________
2. Which species is the one common
ancestor to all the other species?
____________
3. Which two species are more closely
related, F and G or F and L?
_____________
4. List all of the common ancestors of
species L and N:
_________________________
Human Influence on Evolution
Selective Breeding:
Genetic Engineering:
Ms. Bruno
Evolution
Living Environment
Lamarck’s Theory of Acquired Characteristics:

An organism can pass on ______________________ that it ________________ during its
lifetime to its _______________

Proposed by Frenchman __________________________ in the early 1800s

Two Parts:
1. Use and Disuse:
2. Inheritance of Acquired Traits:

Examples:
Extinction:

Extinction is the _____________________ of an entire __________

It typically occurs when the _______________________ changes

Sometimes, the environment changes so much that there are no longer any _______________ of
the species that are ___________________ to survive

Based on the ______________ record, the majority of the species that have ever __________
on _____________, are now _______________