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Matter Chemistry is …the study of the composition, structure and properties of MATTER, the changes which matter undergoes and the energy that accompanies these changes. What is matter? •EVERYTHING! – Except energy: heat, light, sound. . . 2 Categories of Matter Substance Mixture • Element • Physical – Collection of the combination same type of atom elements and/or – Cannot be compounds or decomposed both. • Compound • USUALLY – 2 or more different heterogeneous atoms chemically bonded together. Atom • Neutral particle • Consists of subatomic particles –Protons, neutrons & electrons Element? Compound? Mixture? Substance? Element? Compound? Mixture? Substance? ? ??????? • Elements are represented with symbols • DIATOMIC Elements –The simplest form of these elements is a pair of atoms Go to 7 and make a 7. Don’t forget Hydrogen! Characteristics of a Compound • Individual atoms lose their original properties after bonding • Composition is fixed • can be decomposed / broken down Compound vs. Molecule • Molecule: applies only to bonded non-metal atoms H2O O2 CO2 C6H12O6 NaCl Which are molecules? Which are compounds? SOLUTION Only mixture that is homogeneous NaCl(s) + H2O(l) NaCl(aq) solute solvent aqueous solution Other solutions include Air (mixture of gases) & Alloys (mixture of metals) Physical vs. Chemical Physical Properties & Changes • determined without changing the chemical composition of the substance Examples…. Color, shape, odor, malleability, brittleness, does it conduct electricity, does it conduct heat? state of matter (s), (l), (g) Melting point, boiling point… mass volume density D = m/v …and absorption angular momentum area capacitance concentration dielectric ductility distribution efficacy elasticity electric charge electrical impedance fluidity frequency inductance Intrinsic impedance Intensity irradiance length location luminance luminescence luster magnetic field magnetic flux momentum opacity permeability permittivity plasticity radiance resistivity reflectivity refractive index spin solubility specific heat strength temperature tension viscosity Can be intensive or extensive • DON’T depend on sample size • useful in identifying substances • Ex. density • DO depend on sample size – volume – weight – mass Chemical Properties • determined during a chemical reaction with another substance –Ex. Is it toxic, is it flammable, does it rust, does it tarnish, does it corrode…? Chemical Change/ Chemical Reaction • Results in the rearrangement of atoms to form a new substance BUT!!! We can’t see atoms so how do we know a chemical reaction has taken place? The End