Download Matter Unit Study Guide Phases of Matter

Matter Unit Study Guide
Test: Friday, March 10th, 2017
Phases of Matter
Define Matter: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
Fill in the chart below about the three phases of matter:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Picture of the
particles
Speed the
Vibrate near each other
Slide past each other
particles move
quickly
Has a definite
Yes
Yes
volume
Has a definite
Yes
No
shape
Label the following as S for solid, G for gas, and L for liquid.
Move very quickly and
bounce around
No
1. L milk
2. G wind
3. S pencil
4. G air
5. S eraser
6. S clay
7. L soda pop
8. S basketball
9. G smoke
No
Define Mass: the amount of matter in an object
What is the mass of the object on this triple beam balance?
256 grams
Define Volume: the amount of space an object takes up
What is the volume of this regular solid? 8 cm3
What is the volume of this liquid? 19 mL
Atoms
Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms They are the building
blocks of matter.
There are three basic parts of an atom:
1. protons (positive charge)
2. neutrons (no charge)
3. electrons (negative charge)
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus (or middle) of the
atom.
Electrons are found outside of the nucleus.
Elements
Elements are substances that are made of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simpler
substances.
Elements are listed on the periodic table It is organized in rows and columns. There are 118 (#)
elements listed in this table.
Horizontal Rows are called:

Periods
Rows are organized by:

Atomic Numbers
Vertical Columns are called:


Groups
Families
Columns are named by:

Element at the top
Columns are organized by:

Similar properties
The number of protons in an atom is equal to the atomic number of the element. This is found above the
element symbol on the Periodic Table.
Label the element information using the word bank:
6
C
Carbon
12
Atomic Number
Element Name
Atomic Mass
Element Symbol
Element Symbol
Atomic Number
Element Name
Atomic Mass
Molecules and Compounds
Compounds are substances made of two or more elements which combine in a chemical reaction.
The smallest unit of a compound is a molecule
Chemical formulas for used to show the different elements that make up a compound. The letters tell you
which elements are in the compound. The numbers tell you how many atoms of each element are in one
molecule of the compound.
Complete the chart with the element name and number of atoms for each element in the compound.
Compound
C7H8N4O2
NaHCO3
Element Name/
# of Atoms
Carbon- 7
Element Name/
# of Atoms
Hydrogen- 8
Element Name/
# of Atoms
Nitrogen- 4
Element Name/
# of Atoms
Oxygen- 2
Sodium- 1
Hydrogen- 1
Carbon- 1
Oxygen- 3
Complete the chart by identifying each as an element (E) or compound (C).
Helium
Salt
Water
Carbon Dioxide
Element
Compound
Compound
Compound
Sulfur Dioxide
Iron
Oxygen
H2SO4
Compound
Element
Element
Compound
Mixtures and Solutions
Mixtures have a couple things in common:


Made of 2 or more substances
Can be easily separated
Mixtures of solids can be separated based on observable properties of their parts such as: size, color, or
shape.
Some mixtures are not as easy to separate, but since each substance mixed keeps its identity, it can be
separated using its physical properties. Circle the 7 words below that are physical properties:
Color
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Touch
Hardness
Density
Taste
Magnetic
Particle Size
Solubility
Luster
Shine
A solution is a mixture of two or more types of matter evenly spread out and NOT easily separated. A
solution forms when one solute dissolves in another.
There are certain factors that will speed up or slow down the dissolving process. Put them in the chart
below:
Surface Area
Stirring
Particle Size
Temperature
Complete the chart by identifying each as a mixture (M) or solution (S).
Salad
Sugar and Water
Food Color and Water
Beads and Water
Mixture
Solution
Solution
Mixture
Iced Tea
Iron filings and water
Cereal and Milk
Chocolate Milk
Solution
Mixture
Mixture
Solution
Matter Changes and Energy
Energy is what changes a phase of matter.
Added energy causes particles to speed up.


Add energy to a solid
Add energy to a liquid
Becomes a liquid
Becomes a gas
Taking away energy causes particles to slow down.


Take energy away from a gas
Take energy away from a liquid
Becomes a liquid
Becomes a solid
Temporary Changes are called physical changes. These changes only the phase changes, the substance
does not. Usually changes the phase or state of matter of the substance.
Permanent Changes are called chemical changes. These changes create NEW materials. The original
materials are changed into something different.
Complete the chart below. Identify each as a physical change (P) or chemical change (C).
Burning Paper
Toasting Marshmallows
Frying an egg
Melting ice
Digesting food
Grinding chalk into powder
Hammering aluminum into sheets
C
C
C
P
C
P
P
Boiling Water
Crushing a can
Cutting a piece of paper
Baking cookies
Dissolving zinc in acid
Stretching copper into wire
Burning Gasoline
P
P
P
C
C
P
C