Download 2. In a double helix a region along one DNA strand

Name______________________________
Bio 101
LTCC
Fall 2001
___________________________________________________________________________
Final Exam
___________________________________________________________________________
I. (40 pts total- 1 pt. per question) Multiple choice, fill in the blanks, matching. Choose the best answer.
1. Which molecule contains the most potential energy?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
glucose
G3P
pyruvic acid
citric acid
all of the above contain the same potential energy
2. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
________________________________________________________________
3. Edward was found to be heterozygous (Ss) for sickle-cell trait. The alleles represented by the letters S and s
are
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
on the X and Y chromosome
linked
on homologous chromosomes
both present in each of Edward’s sperm cells
on the same chromosome but far apart
4. Define hydrolysis.___________________________________________________________
5. Changing the ___________ would turn it into an atom of a different element.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
6.
number of electrons surrounding the nucleus of the atom
number of bonds formed by an atom
electrical charge of an atom
number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
What is the name of the process by which cells link monomers together to form polymers?
__________________________________________________
7. List 2 ways that a eukaryotic cell benefits from its internal membrane.
a. ____________________________________________________
b. ____________________________________________________
8. Life is organized in a hierarchical fashion. Which of the following sequences illustrates that hierarchy as it
increases in complexity?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ecosystem, population, organ system, cell, community, molecule, organ, organism, tissue
cell, molecule, organ system, organ, population, tissue, organism, ecosystem, community
organism, organ system, tissue, population, organ, community, cell, ecosystem, molecule
molecule, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem
ecosystem, molecule, cell, tissue, organism, organ system, organ, community population
9. Sports physiologists at the Olympic Training Center wanted to monitor athletes to determine at what point
their muscles were functioning anaerobically. They could do this by checking for a buildup of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
ATP
lactic acid
carbon dioxide
ADP
oxygen
10. Each carbon atom has six electrons. It can share electrons in covalent bonds with as many as _______ other
atoms?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2
4
8
10
none of the above
11. In a cross between a true-breeding plant bearing smooth, yellow seeds and a true-breeding plant with
wrinkled, green seeds, the offspring were all smooth, yellow. What is the genotype of the F1 plants?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
SSYY
ssyy
SsYy
ssYY
Ssyy
12. In lab, we use a tube constructed of special plastic that is permeable to water but not sucrose to make an
“artificial cell”. The tube is filled with a solution of 20% sucrose and 80 % water and is immersed in a beaker
containing a solution of 40% sucrose and 60% water. Which of the following will occur?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
water will enter the tube
water will leave the tube
sucrose will leave the tube
sucrose will enter the tube
both a and d
13. Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into the stomach. The
enzyme is a protein. Which of the following processes could be responsible for its secretion.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
endocytosis
exocytosis
diffusion
pinocytosis
passive transport
14. In a double helix a region along one DNA strand has this sequence of nitrogenous bases: GGCCAT. What is
the base sequence of an mRNA made from this strand?
__________________________________
15. Oxidation is the _____, and reduction is the ________.
a. loss of electrons... gain of electrons
b. gain of electrons... loss of electrons
c. loss of oxygen... gain of oxygen
d. gain of oxygen... loss of oxygen
e. gain of protons... loss of protons
16. In most green plants, chloroplasts
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
are concentrated in a zone of leaf tissue called the mesophyll
are concentrated in the stomata
are concentrated in a portion of the leaf called the stroma
are found throughout the leaf tissue
both a and d
17. At the end of the Krebs cycle, most of the energy remaining from the original glucose is stored in
a. CO2
b. pyruvic acid
c. ATP
d. FADH2
e. NADH
18. Some friends are trying to make wine in their basement. They’ve added yeast to a sweet grape juice mixture
and have allowed the yeast to grow. After several days they find that the sugar levels in the grape juice have
dropped, but there’s no alcohol in the mixture. The most likely explanation is that
a. the mixture needs more sugar. Yeast need plenty of energy before they can begin to
produce alcohol.
b. the mixture needs less oxygen. Yeast only produce alcohol in the absence of oxygen.
c. the mixture needs more oxygen. Yeast need oxygen to break down sugar and get
enough energy to produce alcohol.
d.
the mixture needs less sugar. High sugar concentrations stimulate cellular respiration,
and alcohol is not a by-product of cellular respiration.
e.
the mixture needs more carbon dioxide. Yeast need CO2 for photosynthesis, and alcohol is
a by product.
19. In the Calvin Cycle, carbon fixation occurs when carbon dioxide bonds to _______________
20. During cellular respiration, glucose is converted into two pyruvic acid molecules. These molecules
a. are each converted to a two-carbon molecule joined to a coenzyme A molecule
b. each lose a carbon atom, which is released as CO2
c. together contain less chemical energy than was found in the original glucose
molecule
d. are oxidized
e. all of the above
21. Where is the location of the chlorophyll in a plant cell?
a. stroma
b. cristae
c. matrix
d. cytoplasm
e. none of the above
22. Which of the following are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a.
b.
c.
d.
glucose, ADP, NADP+
glucose, ADP, NADP+, CO2
ADP, NADP+, O2
ATP, NADPH, CO2
e. ATP, NADPH, O2
23. With the exception of identical twins, siblings who have the same two biological parents are likely to look
similar, but not identical to each other because
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
they are unlikely to have any gene variants in common
they have some gene variants in common
each has gene variants not found in the other
both b and c
none of the above
24. When animal cells are grown in a petri dish, they typically stop dividing once they have formed a single
unbroken layer on the agar. This arrest of division is an example of
a. cancer
b. cell constraint
c. growth factor desensitization
d. cell division repression
e. density-dependent inhibition
25. The cell-cycle control system
a. receives messages from outside the cell that influence cell division
b. triggers and controls major events in the cell cycle
c. is influenced by growth factors that bind to cell receptors
d. only a and b
f.
all of the above
26. Distinguish between genotype and phenotype____________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
27. During which stage of meiosis does synapsis and formation of tetrads occur?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
interphase I
prophase I
interphase II
prophase II
none of the above
28. Dr. Smith’s parents have normal hearing. However, Dr. Smith has an inherited form of deafness. Deafness
is a recessive trait that is associated with the abnormal allele d. Dr. Smith’s parents could have which of the
following genotypes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
DD and dd
dd and dd
Dd and Dd
DD and DD
none of the above
29. What is generally the cause of nondisjunction?____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
30. All RNA molecules
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
contain deoxyribose
contain thymine
are double stranded
are produced from other RNA molecules
none of these
31. Adenine is a
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
phosphate
a pyrimidine
a purine
a sugar
none of these
32. For the DNA base sequence CCG, the proper anticodon is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
AAU
GGC
CCG
UUA
TTA
33. A substance not directly involved in translation is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
tRNA
mRNA
DNA
rRNA
protein
34. A molecule which is not part of a nucleotide is
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a nitrogenous base
a carbohydrate
a phosphate group
a lipid
all of these are found in nucleotides
35. The function of a terminator codon is to
a. halt all DNA replication
b. kill all mutant RNAs
c. signal the end of the synthesis of a protein
d. produce additional RNA
e. attach an amino acid to an initiator
36. A regulatory gene is part of
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
an operon
tRNA
rRNA
mRNA
none of these
37. The job of the ___________________________ is to carry amino acids to the ribosomes.
38. _________ contains an anticodon
A. tRNA
_________ has a double helix
B. rRNA
__________ contains thymine
C. DNA
__________ contains a codon
D. mRNA
__________ contains an operon
39. What enzyme is used in Transcription?
_____________________________
40. In the eukaryotic nucleus, the unit that consists of DNA wound around a core of eight histone proteins is
called a
a. nucleosome
b. microsphere
c. histone complex
d. chromosome
e.
Barr body
II. A. Describe what happens in crossing over.
B. (2 pts) Give two reasons that explain why sexual reproduction produces so much genetic variation.
1.
2.
III. (5 pts) A. Draw a mitochondrion. Indicate where the glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain
occur, and approximately how much ATP is generated by each.
B. (5 pts) Label in your drawing above where the following substances would be found in cellular respiration. If a
substance is part of more than 1 part of cellular respiration, put it in all the appropriate places.
ATP, NADH, FADH2, glucose, pyruvic acid, acetyl CoA, Coenzyme A, oxaloacetic acid, citric acid, H+ ions, ATP
synthase
IV. Describe or draw and label the processes of transcription and translation. Explain as concisely as you can,
or draw the processes that occur to change a segment of DNA into a protein.
a. Label or define the names of the 2 major steps in this process.
b. Label the following terms in your drawings, or use them in your explanation if you don’t draw. DNA, RNA
polymerase, mRNA, tRNA, small ribosomal subunit, large ribosomal subunit, codon, anticodon, P site, A site,
amino acid, polypeptide, translocation
V. (3 pts) List and briefly describe 3 structural differences between DNA and RNA
a.
b.
c.
VI. A. Draw the cell cycle. Label the following: interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis, G1, G2, synthesis.
Draw in the 3 checkpoints.
B. Why does it make sense that the checkpoints are located at those particular locations?