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Name: ___________________________________________________________________Period: __________ Date: __________ Origins of Rome Standard: Examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE Essential Question: How did Classical Mediterranean societies interact politically, philosophical, and culturally from 700 BCE to 400 CE? Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. Geography Foundation Stories: Romulus and Remus: Emergence: Virgil’s, The Aeneid: How did Classical Mediterranean societies interact politically, philosophical, and culturally from 700 BCE to 400 CE? The Republic Describe: The Threat: Roman Confederation: Impact: Mediterranean Dominance Carthage: The Punic Wars: Hannibal: Name: ___________________________________________________________________Period: __________ Date: __________ Structure of Rome Standard: Examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE Essential Question: How did Classical Mediterranean societies interact politically, philosophical, and culturally from 700 BCE to 400 CE? Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. Roman Expansion Structure View of Kings: Patricians: Plebeians: Social order: Dictator: Consul: Centuriate Assembly: Senate: Council of the Plebs: Impact: Origins of Rome Standard: Examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE Essential Question: How did Classical Mediterranean societies interact politically, philosophical, and culturally from 700 BCE to 400 CE? Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. Geography located on the Italian Peninsula can sail all over the Mediterranean Sea fertile coastal plains Good land for farming able to trade by sea Foundation Stories: Romulus and Remus: (they founded the city of Rome) “In those days the countryside there was wild and empty. The story goes that when the waters receded, the basket in which the twins had been abandoned was left on dry land. A she-wolf, on her way from the hills round about to drink, came across the howling infants. She gave them her teats to suck, and was so gentle with them that the king’s shepherd found her licking them with her tongue” Virgil’s, The Aeneid: sponsored by Augustus Augustus liked to trace his ancestry back to Iulus, son of Aeneas and supposed ancestor of the Iulii - the Julian family The legend of Aeneas the refugee from Troy established his family in Italy who was the ancestor of the people who became Romans Emergence: Indo-European peoples moved into Italy about 1500 to 1000 B.C. spoke Latin lived as herders and farmers on Rome’s hills after 800 B.C., other people, including the Greeks and Etruscans, settled in Italy early Rome was ruled by kings, some of whom were Etruscan How did Classical Mediterranean societies interact politically, philosophical, and culturally from 700 BCE to 400 CE? The Republic Describe: 509 B.C. overthrew the last Etruscan king established a republic o the leader is not a king o certain citizens have the right to vote The Threat: Enemies surrounded Rome long period of continuous warfare Roman Confederation: some people had full Roman citizenship other groups were allies who controlled their local affairs but gave soldiers to Rome 267 B.C. controlled almost all of Italy could become Roman citizens defeated the Greeks and remaining Etruscan states Impact: many of the conquered peoples felt invested in Rome’s success Mediterranean Dominance Carthage: a strong power in the Mediterranean founded around 800 B.C. coast of North Africa large trading empire in the western Mediterranean Punic Wars: Description: three wars fought between Rome and Carthage the victories of Hannibal during second punic war almost destroyed Rome Rome created new armies and a navy Hannibal: Carthage’s greatest general Almost destroyed Rome during the Second Punic War Result: Rome defeated Hannibal’s forces Spain became a Roman province Rome controlled the western Mediterranean completely destroyed Carthage in 146 B.C. Roman Expansion second century B.C. conquered Macedonia and Greece 133 B.C. Pergamum became Rome’s first province in Asia Rome gained and maintained control of the Mediterranean Sea Structure View of Kings: distrusted kingship because of their experience with Etruscan kings built a different form of government early Rome divided into two groups, the patricians and the plebeians Patricians: Plebeians: large landowners the less wealthy landholders, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers formed Rome’s ruling class citizens and could vote citizens and could vote could be elected to public office Social order: Dictator: could rule up to 6 months during emergencies i.e. war 1 2 300 Consul: chief executive officers preside over senate two consuls ran the government and led the army into battle Senate: three hundred patricians served for life had the force of law Centuriate Assembly: most important people’s assembly elected the consuls passed laws organized by classes based on wealth wealthiest citizens were the majority Council of the Plebs: created in 471 B.C. tribunes of the plebs were new officials empowered to protect the plebeians Impact: By 287 B.C., all male Roman citizens were supposedly equal under the law few wealthy patrician and plebeian families formed a new senatorial ruling class dominated political office development of the Twelve Tables