Download Final Exam Study Guide

Final Exam Study Guide
Be able to answer the following question:
1. From which labeled structure in the figure above is structure D made? A
2. Identify what structure D is in the figure above. mRNA
3. Predict what would happen to structure F if structure C was deleted. The base
sequence of the codon would change from GCU to GUG
4. Predict what effect the deletion of structure C would have on the process that
occurs during step Y. A frameshift mutation would occur, causing the amino acids
after the deletion to change
5. DNA can best be compared to a(n)? A twisted ladder
6. The order of nitrogen bases in DNA determines the order of ________ in
proteins? Amino acids
7. Genes are a segment of ____ that code for ____? DNA/trait
8. What are the nucleotides found in DNA? Deoxyribose + phosphate group +
cytosine
9. The overall structure of DNA can be described as? Double helix or two strands
that are twisted
10. Explain the process of translation. The ribosomes use information from mRNA to
produce proteins
11. Why is crossing over an important event in meiosis? It creates new combinations
of genes
12. Explain why it is important for gametes to have half the number of regular
chromosomes. Gametes only have ½ of the number of chromosomes so when
two gametes come together the new organism has the exact number of
chromosmes needed for the new organism’s genetic makeup
13. Crossing a snapdragon that has red flowers with one that has white flowers
produces a snapdragon that has pink flowers. The trait for flower color exhibits?
Incomplete dominance
14. Understand the difference between homozygous and heterozygous and be able to
do punnet squares and answer questions about them.
15. Cancer is a disease in which some cells lose the ability to control their? Rate of
division
16. What does a cell do to prepare to divide? Replicate all of its DNA
17. The traits of populations in the forest ecosystem have changed over time. What
caused the traits to change? Natural selection
18. Which scientific evidence would show that two species of birds are closely
related? The two bird species have similar DNA sequences
19. What is a major concept included in Lamarck’s theory of evolution? Body
structure can change according to the actions of the organism
20. Directional selection occurs when? The organisms on one extreme of the
population have a better chance to survive than those on the other extremes
21. Greater than 2 cm or less than 2 cm
22. Directional, stabilizing and disruptive
23. Survive, reproduce and pass on genes
24. Possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness
25. Fossils, homologous structures, vestigial structures
26. Graph
27. Light
28. Dark
29. The percent of light colored moths captured dropped significantly from ~ 100
moths to almost zero moths, while the dark colored moths increased from near
zero to ~ 100 percent
30. Dark moths
31. The moth population changed from light to dark moths because the dark moths
were able to blend into the environment and therefore survive and reproduce
passing on its genes to the next generation
32. Any living thing.
33. Ex: plants, animals, micro bacteria
34. Any non-living thing
35. Ex: water, wind, sunlight, soil
36. The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment
37. Habitat
38. Population
39. Polar zone, temperate zone, and tropical zone\
40. A land oriented biome (tropical rainforest, desert, temperate deciduous forest)
41. A water oriented biome (oceans, estuaries, and rivers)
42. Organisms living in the same community competing for limited recourses
43. An organism that eats another organism
44. The organism that gets eaten by the predator
45. Producer, primary consumer, secondary consumer, tertiary consumer
46. Decomposers
47. Picture
48. Blank
49. Disk soaked in distilled water
50. Some antibiotics are more effective at controlling one species of bacteria than
another
51. Antibiotic 2