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Download Honors Biology Evolution Study Guide
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Name __________________________________________ Date ________________________________ Period _________ STUDY GUIDE: EVOLUTION GEOLOGICAL TIME: Match the major events of the geological time scale with the era in which the event occurred. Answers may be used more than once: a. Precambrian b. Paleozoic c. Mesozoic d. Cenozoic _____ 1. Dinosaur populations peaked and then went extinct _____ 2. This era continues today and included all modern forms of life _____ 3. Earliest land plants arose _____ 4. Earliest vertebrates _____ 5. The oldest know rocks and fossils _____ 6. Primates evolved _____ 7. Mammals and flying reptiles arose _____ 8. Life forms included amphibians, winged insects, early conifers and small reptiles 9. The Geologic Time Scale begins at the formation of Earth approximately ___________________________ years ago. FOSSILS: Match the description of the fossils with the fossil type. Use each answer only once a. Natural Cast b. Trace c. Amber-Preserved d. Preserved remains e. Petrified _____ 10. Record of the activity of an organism _____ 11. When the entire organism becomes encased in a material such as ice or volcanic ash _____ 12. Flowing water removes all of the original bone or tissue, leaving just an impression in sediment. Minerals fill in the mold recreating the original shape of the organism _____ 13. Organism becomes trapped in tree resin (sap) and hardens _____ 14. Molecules of the organism are replace with molecules of mineral 15. Explain the incorrect theory of “acquired traits” as described by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck: DARWIN: Match the following statements to the proper part of Darwin’s ideas on evolution a. Overproduction of offspring b. Natural selection c. Struggle for existence d. Variation _____ 16. Female finches found on the Galapagos Islands lay enormous numbers of eggs _____ 17. These finches compete for a particular species of insect that inhabits the small holes found in tree bark _____ 18. Some finches’ beaks are long, some are short. The finches with long beaks are better adapted to remove the insects from the bark _____ 19. The finches with the long beaks survive and produce greater numbers of offspring with long beaks 20. Describe the term “punctuated equilibrium”. How does this term reveal a flaw in Darwin’s theory? EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTON: 21. Describe how scientists use the factors below as evidence to support the theory of evolution: a. Fossils: b. Adaptations (structural, physiological and behavioral): c. Comparative Anatomy: d. Comparative Embryology: e. Genetics: POPULATION EVOLUTION: 22. Contrast “gene pool” and “allelic frequency”: 23. a. P + Q = 1 is one equation used to solve Hardy-Weinberg problems. Write out the other equation: b. What does “p” stand for? _____________________ c. What does “q” stand for? ______________________ TRUE OR FALSE? (if the statement is false, change it to make it true!) _____ 24. The movement of alleles from one population to another is referred to as “gene flow”. _____ 25. When alleles in a small population decrease due to chance, this is called “genetic drift” _____ 26. The “founder effect” is when a small number of individuals colonize a new area and the new population will show an increase in diversity _____ 27. Macroevolution is a change in a gene pool that can be observed over a short period of time, such as changes within a species _____ 28. Geographic isolation of populations involves physical barriers that divide a population into two or more groups _____ 29. Different species must adapt to similar environments. Evolution towards similar characteristics in unrelated species is called divergent evolution 30. Draw a graph to show how each of the following types of selection changes the population from normal distribution. → Show the normal distribution for each as a dashed line and the change as a solid line → Explain the meaning of each below your drawing Directional Selection Stabilizing Selection Disruptive Selection 31. Use a specific example (plant or animal) to explain how adaptation is the driving force behind natural selection: 32. List at least 3 adaptations of humans which have helped improve our evolutionary fitness. Include whether these adaptations are physiological, structural or behavioral. 33. Provide an example of sexual selection. Discuss how this example increases the fitness of offspring. 34. Describe an example of Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection. Identify the struggle for existence, survival of the fittest and descent with modification.