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Transcript
Evolution by Natural Selection Evolution = Adaptation Over Time For our purposes, we are going to begin by talking about macroevolution, or the phenomenon in which species of organisms come into existence and change across what is usually a long span of time. What is Natural Selection? What we are going to learn about today is the process of evolution – otherwise known as Natural Selection. Evolution answers the question What is happening? Natural Selection answers the question How is it happening? Natural Selection: A process that allows the most successful trait in a species to be passed on. Who is Charles Darwin? Charles Darwin is usually credited with being the “Father of Evolution” He was a naturalist born in England in 1809 He first published his theory in “The Origin of Species” in 1859 Charles Darwin and the HMS Beagle Charles Darwin left on his famous voyage to the Galapagos Islands in 1831, when he was 22. There he noticed the “Galapagos Finches” among many other diverse species. He was fascinated by their feeding structures (beaks) and by how the differences in these structures related to each sub-species of finch’s specific diet. Naturals Selection Example Birds v. Dogs These finches, just like our example of domestic dogs, began as the same bird. Overtime, differences in beaks lead to varied success in feeding. Certain beaks were better suited to eating foods of differing availability. Birds whose beaks were well suited to eating the food source in their area were highly successful. Therefore they were able to live to reproductive age, and pass on their traits. Over time, many different “sub species” of Galapagos Finches evolved. What factors make Natural Selection important? If all of the organisms in a species are the same, how can some be more successful than others in competition? Variation Variation in characteristics: For natural selection to occur, different individuals in a population must have different characteristics. Competition In order for competition to occur, there must be a limited amount of resources, that all of the organisms need. Competition Not this kind of fitness!!!!!!! Variation and Competition lead to differences in fitness. Fitness Fitness = the ability to survive and reproduce Heritability In order for Natural Selection to occur, traits must be heritable – or able to be passed on from parent to offspring. So What About our Finches? Variation – Differences in Beaks Competition for food produces a difference in fitness Beak size and shape are passed down from parent to offspring Questions? Does anybody have any questions about how Natural Selection works?