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BODY SYSTEMS
ANATOMY – study of the parts of
the body
PHYSIOLOGY – function of the
body
ANATOMICAL POSITION –
standing erect with face forward,
arms at the side, palms forward
BODY SYSTEMS
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The study of disease is called:
Pathology
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The body always wants to stay in a
state of balance:
homeostasis
BODY SYSTEMS
Positions and
Directions
-ANTERIOR or
VENTRAL – front or in
front of
-POSTERIOR or
DORSAL – back or in
back of
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CRANIAL – refers to the head of the
body
CAUDAL – means tail end
SUPERIOR – upper or above
something
INFERIOR – lower or below something
BODY SYSTEMS
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MEDIAL – toward the middle
LATERAL – toward the side of the
body
PROXIMAL – usually refers to the legs
and arms, “above”
DISTAL – usually refers to the legs
and arms “below”
BODY SYSTEMS
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SUPERFICIAL (EXTERNAL) – near
the surface or outside the body
DEEP (INTERNAL) – inside the body
BODY SYSTEMS
Body Planes/Sections
PLANES – imaginary anatomical
dividing lines
 SAGITTAL PLANE – divides the body
into right and left parts
 sometimes called the
“mid-sagittal” because it runs down the
midline or middle of the body
BODY SYSTEMS
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FRONTAL (CORONAL) PLANE –divides
the body into anterior and posterior
portions
****Remember it cuts the body into front
and back
TRANSVERSE PLANE – a horizontal cut
that divides the body into upper and lower
parts, usually at the umbilicus (belly button)
BODY SYSTEMS
Cavities of the Body
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DORSAL CAVITY – contains brain and
spinal cord
The spinal cord and brain are each housed
in it’s own cavity
CRANIAL CAVITY – the brain
SPINAL CAVITY – the spinal cord
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ANTERIOR or VENTRAL CAVITY contains
the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities
Thoracic (chest) cavity contains the lungs
and heart
Abdominal Cavity contains stomach,
intestines, liver, gallbladder and pancreas
Pelvic Cavity contains urinary bladder, part
of the large intestines and reproductive
organs