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Quantum is Different, Part 1
Richard Feynman
Caltech Course 1983-84:
Potentialities and Limitations
of Computing Machines
“Nature isn't classical,
dammit, and if you want to
make a simulation of nature,
you'd better make it quantum
mechanical.”
Persistent current in a
superconducting circuit
Polarization of
a single photon
Magnetic field of
a single electron
Internal state of
a single atom
Quantum entanglement
….
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Nearly all the information in a typical
entangled “quantum book” is encoded
in the correlations among the “pages”.
You can't access the information if you
read the book one page at a time.
….
To describe 300 quantum bits (e.g., atoms), we would need more
numbers than the number of atoms in the visible universe!
???
Quantum Supremacy!
David
Wineland
Krysta
Svore
Quantum is Different, Part 2
Richard Feynman
Credit card fraud is a distant memory
--- your quantum card can be
validated, but it can’t be copied.
Noninvasive quantum sensors,
imaging the human brain at the
molecular scale, illuminate the
foundations of consciousness.
Optical space telescopes, by sharing
quantum entanglement, observe an
alien on another planet.
Highly efficient solar panels
exploiting quantum coherence
power the earth.
The world's leading physicists, who
have played quantum games since
age 3, cannot understand why 20th
century physicists thought quantum
mechanics is weird.
particle collision
molecular chemistry
entangled electrons
A quantum computer can simulate efficiently any
physical process that occurs in Nature.
(Maybe. We don’t actually know for sure.)
superconductor
black hole
early universe
Decoherence
1
2
(
+
Environment
)
Quantum
Computer
Decoherence
ERROR!
Environment
To avoid errors, we must
prevent the environment from
“learning” about the state of
the quantum computer during
the computation.
Quantum error correction
….
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Environment
The protected “logical” quantum information is
encoded in a highly entangled state of many
physical qubits.
The environment can't access this information if
it interacts locally with the protected system.
Kitaev’s magic trick: sawing an electron in half!
Holographic Principle
All information inside the room is encoded,
in a scrambled form, on the boundary of the room.
Holographic Principle
This scrambled encoding may be a quantum errorcorrecting code. The emergent space inside the
room is robust against errors on the walls of the room.
Holographic Principle
Quantum entanglement holds space together.
Deep insights into the quantum
structure of spacetime arise from
laboratory experiments studying
highly entangled quantum systems. .