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Define Ecosystem
Is all of the organisms living in an area together
with their physical environment.
What are the 5 components of the ecosystem?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Energy
Mineral nutrients
Water
Oxygen
Living organisms
Define Biotic Factors
Living and once living parts of an ecosystem
Define Abiotic Factors
The nonliving parts of an ecosystem
Define Organism
An individual living thing.
Define Species
A group of organisms that are closely related and
that can mate to produce living offspring.
Define Population
All of the members of the same species that live
in the same place at the same time.
What is an important characteristic of a
population?
Members usually bred with one and other rather
than with members of another population.
Define Community
A group of various species that live in the same
place and interact with each other.
How do plants affect the community?
Plants of a community determine what kind of
animals can live there.
Define Habitat
The place an organism lives.
Who was Charles Darwin?
English Naturalist who in 1859 proposed the idea
of evolution.
Define Hereditary
Passed on from parent to offspring.
Define Natural Selection
The unequal survival and reproduction that
results from the presence or absence of particular
traits.
Define Evolution
Over the course of time and many generations
natural selection causes the characteristics of a
population to change. This change in genetic
characteristics of a population from one
generation to the next is known as evolution.
What is the story of Darwin’s Finches?
On Darwin’s trip to the Galapagos Islands he
noticed there were 13 unique species of birds that
looked similar but had different beaks. The beaks
varied based on the birds diet. He theorized that
the birds came to the island from the main land.
The birds beaks changed over time to best suit
the birds needs in terms of its available diet on
each island.
Summarize Darwin’s theory of evolution found in
the table on pg 98 in the text.
1. Organisms produce more offspring than can
survive.
2. The env is hostile and contains limited
resources
3. Organisms differ in the traits they have
4. Some inherited traits provide organisms with
an advantage.
5. Each generation contains proportionately
more organisms with advantageous traits
Define Adaptation
An inherited trait that increases an organisms
chance of survival and reproduction in a certain
environment.
How does evolution work? Be able to include the
terms natural selection, adaptation, mutation and
hereditary traits.
A genetic mutation occurs within a population and
if it is valuable it will help the offspring survive and
reproduce. This is an adaptation and becomes
an inherited trait. If this trait continues and helps
others like it to survive than the process of natural
selection will allow these traits to flourish and
become the norm.
Define Coevolution
The process by which two organisms evolve in
response to their interactions with each other.
Give an example of Coevolution
The honeycreepers beak evolved and became
long and curved to get nectar from the lobelia
flower. The flower developed sweet desirable
nectar, and a way to get pollen on the bird while it
is getting the nectar.
Define Artificial selection
Selective breeding of organisms by humans for
specific characteristics.
Give an example of artificial selection
Domesticated animals such as dogs have a
variety of breeds.
Fruits and vegetables have also been selectively
breed for centuries.
Define Resistance
The ability of one or more organisms to tolerate a
particular chemical designed to kill it.
Give examples of resistance
Insects are becoming more resistant to
pesticides.
Bacteria are becoming more resistant to
antibiotics.
What are the three ways in which evolution can
occur?
1. By Natural selection
2. Artificial selection
3. Resistance
Define Archaebacteria (Characterize, give
examples, and how do they impact the
environment)
Single celled; lack cell nuclei; reproduce by
dividing in half; found in harsh environments
Ex: Methanogens live in swamps and produce
methane gas
Define Eubacteria (Characterize, give examples,
and how do they impact the environment)
Single celled; lack cell nuclei; reproduce by
dividing in half; incredibly common
Ex: Proteobacteria found in soils and animal
intestines
-Good bacteria for helping digestion
-Break down waste materials
-Can cause deadly infections
Define Fungi (Characterize, give examples, and
how do they impact the environment)
Absorb their food through their body surface,
have cell walls; most live on land
Ex: Yeasts, mushrooms, molds, mildews
Break down materials, some are toxic
Define Protists (Characterize, give examples, and
how do they impact the environment)
Most single celled but some have many cells;
most live in water
Ex: diatoms, dinoflagellates,amoeba
Creates algae and can be toxic like the Red tide.
It can also cause diseases like malaria
Define Plants (Characterize, give examples, and
how do they impact the environment)
Many celles; make their own food by
photosynthesis; have cell walls
Ex: Ferns, mosses, trees, herbs, grasses,
flowers.
Plants determine what kind of animals can live in
an environment.
Define Animals (Characterize, give examples,
and how do they impact the environment)
Many cells, no cell wall; ingest their food; live on
land and water.
Ex: insects, fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals
Define Lower plants
Plants with no vascular tissue and they had
swimming sperm.
As a result these were smaller plants and lived in
damp environments. These were similar to
mosses.
Ferns and Club mosses were the first vascular
plants.
Define Gymnosperms
Woody plants whose seeds are not enclosed by
fruits. Often these are known as conifers because
the seeds are in cones.
• Define Vascular tissue
• A tissue that connects roots and leaves and is a
system of tubes that carry food and water. This
tissue has thick cell walls and helps to support
the plant.
Define Angiosperms
Flowering plants that produce seeds in fruit. Most
land plants are angiosperms.
Define Invertebrates (Characterize, give
examples, and how do they impact the
environment)
Animals that lack backbones.
Invertebrates such as insects have the largest
populations on Earth and are a major food source
for many ecosystems. They are also needed to
help pollinate the plants which we require for a
food source. They can also cause a lot of
damage to plants, and give diseases to animals.
Define Vertebrates (Characterize, give examples,
and how do they impact the environment)
Animals with Backbones.
This includes many fish, amphibians, reptiles,
birds and mammals.
Fish were the first vertebrates.
Amphibians were the first to go to land
Reptiles were the first to be able to stay on land.
Birds and mammals are warm blooded.
Mammals give birth to live young, have fur, feed
their young milk.
Vertebrates are a major part of the ecosystems
and we rely on many of them for food sources.