Download C13 Spinal Cord / Spinal Nerves / Somatic Reflexes / MC3 What are

C13 Spinal Cord / Spinal Nerves / Somatic Reflexes / MC3
What are the four principal functions of
the spinal cord?
Figure 13.2
What are the three fibrous connective
tissue membranes that form the meninges?
What are the “spaces” associated with
the meninges of the spinal cord?
Study Fig 13.4
What is a “tract”?
What is the purpose of a spinal cord
tract?
How are the tracts arranged?
Between what two structures do we find
the first pair of spinal nerves?
What are the wo structures formed by
the pia matter to hold the spinal cord in
place within the spinal column?
Study Figure 13.2
What two structures “join” to form a
spinal nerve?
Study Fig 13.2b
How many “horns” are there in the spinal
cord?
Study Fig 13.2b
How is the tissue of the spinal cord arranged?
Study Fig 13.2b
What happens to a spinal nerve as it approaches the spinal cord?
Define the following:
- contralateral
- ipsilateral
- decussatoin
Study Fig 13.9
What is a ganglion?
How is the interior of a nerve arranged?
Use the following terms:
- fascicle
- epineurium
- perineurium
- endoneurium
Where are the blood vessels located?
How many neurons are linked together
to form the ascending spinal tracts?
How many neurons are linked together
to form the decending spinal tracts?
Define these terms used to describe nerve
fibers:
- afferent
- efferent
- somatic
- visceral
What is a reflex?
What are the four important properties of
a reflex?
What is the difference between a “nerve”
and a “nerve fiber”?
Why are most spinal nerves called
“mixed nerves”?
What is the difference between a somatic
reflex and a visceral reflex?
What is a reflex arc?
Draw a picture of a reflex arc and label the
“five steps” :
What is the funtion of intrafusal and extrafusal muscle fibers in a muscle spindle?
Fundmentally, what is the function of a
muscle spindle? (page 502)
What is a proprioceptor?
Where do the sensory nerve fibers of a
skeletal muscle originate?
What is a “stretch reflex”?
What role does the cerebellum play in
a “strethch reflex”?
Note: outline the “path” between a
muscle spindle and the change in
muscle tension.
What is a muscle spindle? Function?
How are muscle spindles “concentrated” in different skeletal muslces?
What are the two type of motor nerve
fibers in a skeletal muscle? Function?
Where do these fibers synapse within
the skeletal muscle?
Are stretch reflexes mediated more by
the brain or the spinal cord?
Is there an exception to this rule? (hint:
What happens if the muscle is stretched
very rapidly?)
What is a monosynaptic reflex arc?
What is a polysynaptic reflex arc?
Study Fig 13.22
What is the flexor reflex?
Note: See video presentation in Web
site
Study Fig 13.22
What is the crossed extension reflex?
Note: See video presentation in Web
site