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BIOLOGY BINGO! FALL SEMESTER
Centromere: region of a chromosome where the 2
CLUES FOR PART 1
sister chromatids are held together
Active transport: the movement of a substance
across a cell membrane against a concentration
Chloroplast: a plastid containing chlorophyll; the
gradient; requires the cell to expend energy
site for photosynthesis
Adenine: a nitrogen-containing base that is a
component of a nucleotide, pairs with thymine
Chromatid: one of 2 identical parts of a
chromosome
Adhesion: the attractive force between unlike
substances
Chromatin: the DNA and proteins in the nucleus
of a nondividing cell
Aerobic respiration: the process in which cells
make ATP by breaking down organic compounds
Chromosome: DNA and protein in a coiled, rodshaped form that occurs during cell division
Alcoholic fermentation: the process by which
pyruvic acid is converted into ethyl alcohol; the
anaerobic action of yeast on sugars.
Cilia: short, hairlike organelles that aid in cell
movement
Allele: an alternative form of a gene
Amino acid: a carboxylic acid with an animo
group; one of 20 monomers that forms proteins
Anaphase: phase of mitosis and meiosis where the
chromosomes separate.
Anticodon: a region of tRNA consisting of 3 bases
complementary to the codon of mRNA
Asexual reproduction: the production of offspring
that doesn’t involve the union of gametes
Capillary action: the reaction of a liquid surface
with a solid; allows water to creep up the interior
of a narrow vessel.
Carbohydrate: an organic compound found in the
dells of all living things and a major organic
nutrient for humans
Carrier protein: a protein that transports specific
substances across a biological membrane.
Cell cycle: the events of cell division
Cell membrane: the lipid bilayer that forms the
outer boundary of a cell
Cell theory: all living things are made up of cells,
cells are the basic unit of life, cells come only
from existing cells
Cell wall: a rigid structure that surrounds the cells
of plants, fungi, many protists and most bacteria
Codominance: an inheritance relationship in
which neither of two alleles of the same gene
totally masks the other
Codon: a group of 3 sequential nitrogen bases of
an mRNA molecule
Cohesion: the attraction of like-molecules to each
other
Complete dominance: an inheritance relationship
in which one allele is completely dominant over
the other. BB and Bb have the same phenotype
Crossing-over: the exchange of genes by
reciprocal segments of homologous chromosomes
during meiosis
Cytokinesis: the division of the cytoplasm of 1 cell
into 2 new cells
Cytoplasm: the region of the cell between the cell
membrane and the nucleus
Cytosine: a nitrogen-containing base that is a
component of a nucleotide, pairs with guanine
Diffusion: the process by which molecules move
from an area of greater concentration to an area of
lesser concentration
BIOLOGY BINGO! FALL SEMESTER
Genetics: the field of biology devoted to
CLUES FOR PART 2
understanding how traits are passed from parents
Dihybrid cross: cross between individuals
to offspring
involving 2 contrasting traits
Genotype: the genetic makeup of an organism
Diploid: a cell that contains both chromosomes of
Genotypic ratio: the probable ratio of genotypes
a homologous pair
produced by a cross
DNA polymerase: an enzyme that binds to the
separated strands of DNA and assembles each
Glycolysis: a pathway in which glucose of
strand’s complement in replication
oxidized to pyruvic acid
Dominant: referring to an allele that masks the
presence of another allele for the same
characteristic
Golgi apparatus: a system of membranes in
eukaryotic cells that modifies proteins for export
by the cell
Double helix: Watson and Crick determined this
structure of DNA
Guanine: a nitrogen-containing base that is a
component of a nucleotide, pairs with cytosine
Down syndrome: a disorder caused by an extra
21st chromosome and characterized by a number
of physical and mental abnormalities
Haploid: having only one chromosome of each
homologous pair
Endocytosis: the process by which a cell
surrounds and engulfs substances
Endoplasmic reticulum: a system of membranous
tubules and sacs in eukaryotic cells that functions
as a path along which molecules move from one
part of the cell to another
Helicase: an enzyme that separates DNA strands
before replication
Hemophilia: a trait in which the blood lacks a
protein that is essential for clotting
Heredity: the transmission of traits from parents to
their offspring
Eukaryote: a cell that contains a nucleus and
membrane-bound organelles
Heterozygous: referring to a gene pair in which
the two alleles do not code for the same trait
Exocytosis: a process in which a vesicle inside a
cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases its
contents to the external environment
Homologous chromosome: one of a pair of
morphologically similar chromosomes
Fatty acid: a monomer that is part of most lipids
F1 generation: the offspring of cross-pollinated P1
generation plants
F2 generation: the offspring of cross-pollinated F1
generation plants
Flagella: hairlike structure made of microtubules
that aid in cell locomotion
Gamete: a reproductive cell
Genetic code: triplets of nucleotides in mRNA that
determine the sequence of amino acids in proteins
Homozygous: referring to a gene pair in which the
two alleles code for the same trait
Hydrogen bond: a weak chemical bond between a
hydrogen atom in one molecule and a negativelycharged region of another molecule
Hypertonic: a solution whose solute concentration
is higher than that inside the cell
BIOLOGY BINGO! FALL SEMESTER
Monomer: a repeated, single-molecule unit in a
CLUES FOR PART 3
polymer
Hypotonic: a solution whose solute concentration
mRNA: the type of RNA that carries genetic
is lower than that inside the cell
information from the nucleus to the ribosomes
Incomplete dominance: an inheritance relationship
that occurs when both alleles influence the
Mutation: a change in the DNA
phenotype
Nucleic acid: an organic molecule, DNA or RNA,
Independent variable: an experimentally
that stores and carries important information for
manipulated variable
cell function
Interphase: a period of cell growth and
development that preceeds eukaryotic cell nuclear
division
Nucleotide: a monomer of DNA or RNA,
consisting of a nitrogen base, a sugar and a
phosphate group
Isotonic: describing a solution whose solute
concentration equals that inside a cell
Nucleus: the organelle that contains most of the
DNA and directs most of the cell’s activities
Karyotype: a picture of an individual’s
chromosomes
Organelle: one of several formed bodies with a
specialized function that is suspended in the
cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells
Lactic acid fermentation: the process by which
pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid
Law of independent assortment: law stating that
pairs of genes separate independently of one
another in meiosis
Law of segregation: law stating that pairs of genes
separate and each gamete receives one gene of a
pair
Lipid: a kind of organic compound that is
insoluble in water, such as fats and steroids
Lysosome: an organelle containing digestive
enzymes, existing primarily in animal cells
Meiosis: the process of nuclear division that
reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell by
half
Metaphase: the second phase of mitosis, during
which all the chromosomes move to the cell’s
equator
Mitochondria: the organelle that is the site of
aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells
Mitosis: eukaryotic nuclear division
Monohybrid cross: a cross between individuals
that involves one pair of contrasting traits
Organic compound: a compound that is derived
from living things and contains carbon
Osmosis: the diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable membrane
P1 generation: a strain obtained through seldpolination
Passive transport: the movement of substances
across a cell membrane without the use of energy
Pedigree: a diagram of the genetic history of an
individual; can show how a trait is inherited over
several generations
Peptide bond: a covalent bond between two amino
acids
Phenotype: the external appearance of an
organism that is determined by an individual’s
genotype
Phenotypic ratio: a ratio stating the number of
times a specific phenotype occurs in a population
in a single generation
BIOLOGY BINGO! FALL SEMESTER
RNA: a nucleic acid composed of a single strand
CLUES FOR PART 4
and distinguished from DNA by containing ribose
Phospholipid: a complex lipid having two fatty
and uracil
acids joined by a molecule of glycerol
RNA polymerase: the primary transcription
Photosynthesis: the conversion of light energy into
enzyme
chemical energystored in organic compounds
rRNA: the type of RNA found in a ribosome
Polymer:a compound consisting of repeated linked
Sex-influenced trait: a trait that is influenced by
monomers
the presence of male or female sex hormones
Polypeptide: a long chain of amino acids
Sexual reproduction: the production of offspring
Probability: the number of times an event is
from the combination of genetic material from two
expected to happen divided by the number of
parent organisms.
opportunities of an event to happen
Start codon: the codon AUG which engages a
Prokaryote: a unicellular organism that lacks a
ribosome to start translating an mRNA molecule
nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Stop codon: causes the ribosome to stop
Promoter: a nucleotide sequence on a DNA
translating mRNA; UAA, UAG, UGA
molecule that, when attached to an RNA
polymerase molecule, will initiate transcription of
Telophase: the final stage of mitosis during which
a nuclear membrane forms around each set of new
a specific structural gene
chromosomes
Prophase: the first stage of mitosis and meiosis,
Testcross: the crossing of an individual of
characterized by condensation of chromosomes
unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive
Protein: an organic compound composed of one or
individual to determine the unknown genotype
more chains of polypeptides, which in turn are
Thymine: a nitrogen-containing base, one
formed from amino acids
component of a nucleotide, pairs with adenine
Protein synthesis: the formation of proteins using
Trait: a category within which alternate
information coded on DNA and carried by RNA
characteristics, such as height and eye color, can
Punnett square: a model used to establish the
be observed
probabilities of the results of a genetic cross
Transcription: the process in which RNA is made
Purine: an organic molecule that has a double ring
from DNA
of carbon and nitrogen atoms; A and G
Translation: the process of converting the genetic
Pyrimidine: an organic molecule that has a single
code in RNA into the amino acid sequence that
ring of carbon and nitrogen atoms; T and C
makes up a protein
Recessive: referring to an allele that is masked by
the presence of another allele for the same
characteristic
Replication fork: the points at which the DNA
strands separate during replication
Ribosome: an organelle that functions in the
synthesis of proteins
tRNA: the type of RNA that carries amino acids
from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
Uracil: a nitrogen-containing base found only in
RNA
Vacuole: a fluid-filled organelle that stores
enzymes or metabolic wastes in a plant cell