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Climate Change UNIT LOOKING AHEAD D UNIT D Climate Change CHAPTER 8 CHAPTER 9 CHAPTER 10 Earth’s Climate System and Natural Changes Earth’s Climate: Out of Balance Assessing and Responding to Climate Change How Is Climate Different from Weather? Weather - the conditions outside on a particular day, can be determined by looking outside Climate - the usual pattern of weather in a region over a long period of time. To determine the climate in a region, you would need to study the weather for about 30 years. Describing Weather Meteorologists – scientists who study weather provide information about: temperature precipitation wind speed relative humidity (amount water vapour in air) atmospheric pressure (force exerted by weight of air above) cloud cover today’s weather? Current Weather - The Weather Network Classifying Climate 1. Climate Zones – uses temp., percip., and plants to identify climate zones 2. Ecoregions Newer system of classifying climate based on: landforms, soil, plants and animals climate human factors (cities, farming practices…) 3. Bioclimate Profiles series of graphs that show temperature and moisture conditions in a region only describe climate can make climate projections into future Canadian Climate Impacts and Scenarios 4. Climate Factors The following factors determine the climate for a location: LOWER Near Water Latitude: as you move away from the equator, the sun’s rays are less direct. Therefore, the temperature decreases. Ocean Currents: The temperature of the ocean current affects the air that passes over it. Winds: The prevailing winds are the established pattern of winds. These winds move the air masses that effect our weather. Elevation: It gets colder as the elevation increases. As air moves up, is expands because air pressure is less. As expands, it loses heat. 1oC/100m Relief: Windward side of a mountain range is warm and wet. The leeward side of a mountain range is warm and dry. Near Water: Water has a moderating effect on temperature. In the summer, it keeps the air over it and nearby cooler. In the winter, it causes the temperatures to be warmer.