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Name ________________________________________________________ Date __________________ Class _______ Benchmark 3 Science Study Guide - Weather & Geology S6E5 A-Crust, Mantle, Core 1. What happens to the temperature as you travel to the center of the Earth?_______________________________________ 2. What happens to the density as you travel to the center of the Earth? ___________________________________________ 3. Put the layers of Earth‛s interior in order from highest to lowest temperature. _____________________________________ 4. The thickest layer of Earth‛s interior is the_____________; the thinnest layer is the _____________. 5. What is the composition of each layer? Continental Crust: _____________ Outer Core: _________________ Oceanic Crust: ________________ Inner Core: _________________ Mantle:______________________ 6. What mechanical layer is composed of the crust and upper mantle? ______________________________________ 7. What mechanical layer does the lithosphere ride/move on top of? ________________________________________ 8. Why do lithospheric plates constantly move?____________________________ 9. Why is the inner core solid? _________________________________________ 10. Label the layers of Earth‛s Interior. 11. Identify the bar for each layer of Earth‛s interior. Temperature of Earth’s Layers A = ___________________ 8000 6000 B = ___________________ 4000 2000 C = ___________________ 0 A B C D D = ___________________ S6E5e/f Lithospheric Plate Movement/Geologic features 12. Name the plate movement associated with each picture below. 13. What geological features are created at convergent boundaries?______________________________________ 14. What geological features are created at divergent boundaries?_______________________________________ 15. What geological event takes place at transform boundaries?_________________________________________ 16. What geological features are created at convergent boundaries with subduction?_______________________ 17. What causes plate tectonic movement?___________________________________________________________ 18. What are plates that move beneath another plate called? Why does this occur?_________________________________ 19. What is the Theory of Continental Drift? Who is responsible for this theory?_____________________________________ 20. List 3 examples of evidence that supported Continental Drift Theory. 1. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________________________________ S6E5g Fossils 21. What is the law of superposition? __________________________________________________________________________ 22. What are 2 examples of fossil evidence that supports climate change? _________________________________________ 23. What are 2 examples of fossil evidence that supports the changing of Earth‛s surface?___________________________________________________________________________________________________ S6E5 d/f 24. What is weathering? ___________________________________________________________________ 25. What is the difference between physical and chemical weathering? _____________________________________________ 26. How was the Grand Canyon formed? (Explain)_______________________________________________________________ 27. What are the 5 agents (forms) of erosion? 1.___________ 2.___________ 3. __________ 4. _________ 5. ____________ 28. Name 3 different types of physical weathering. 1.___________________ 2._______________________ 3._________________ 29. What is oxidation? Is it physical or chemical weathering?_____________________________________________________ 30. How is the Earth‛s surface changed over time? _____________________________________________________________ Weather Review 31. What are the 3 types of heat transfer? 1. ___________________ 2. ______________________ 3.______________________ 32. Describe each type of heat transfer. ________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 33. Why does land and water absorb heat at different rates? _____________________________________________________ 34. Which heats up faster? Which cools faster? ________________________________________________________________ 35. What causes wind? _______________________________________________ 36. Describe convection currents. _____________________________________________________________________________ 37. Describe each of the global winds and pressure bands. (Polar Easterlies, Prevailing Westerlies, Trade Winds and Horse Latitudes, Doldrums) __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 38. Draw and describe what happens in a cold front? ______________________________________________________ Cold Front ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ 39. What type of clouds form when a cold front occurs? ______________________________________________________ 40. What triggers/causes thunderstorms and tornadoes?__________________________________________________________ 41. What causes the most damage during a hurricane? ____________________________ 42. What is the fuel or energy of a hurricane? ___________________________________________________________________ 43. Where do most hurricanes that hit the Eastern United States form? _____________________________________________ 44. How do hurricanes and tornadoes differ? ____________________________________________________ 45. Draw and label the parts of a hurricane.