Download Cellular Respiration Chapter 8 Outline Glycolysis Transition

Outline
Cellular Respiration
Chapter 8
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Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
TA p132
Cellular Respiration
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A cellular process that requires oxygen and
gives off carbon dioxide.
– Most often involves complete breakdown
of glucose to carbon dioxide and water.
! Energy within a glucose molecule is
released slowly so that ATP can be
produced gradually.
! NAD+ and FAD are oxidation-reduction
enzymes active during cellular
respiration.
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Glycolysis
Transition Reaction
Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport System
Fermentation
Metabolic Pool
– Catabolism
– Anabolism
Fig. 8.1
Glucose Breakdown
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During glycolysis, glucose is broken down in
cytoplasm to two molecules of pyruvate.
During transition reaction, pyruvate is
oxidized, NADH is formed, and waste
carbon dioxide is removed.
Citric acid cycle results in NADH and
FADH2, release of carbon dioxide, and
production of additional ATP.
Electron transport chain produces 32 or 34
molecules of ATP.
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Glucose Breakdown
Glycolysis
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Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Two ATP are used to activate glucose that
splits into PGAL.
Oxidation of PGAL and subsequent
substrates results in four high-energy
phosphate groups, which synthesize four
ATP.
– Substrate-Level Phosphorylation
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Glycolysis
Inside the Mitochondria
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Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Fig. 8.3
End product of glycolysis, pyruvate, enters
the mitochondria, where it is oxidized to
carbon dioxide during the transition reaction
and citric acid cycle.
– CO and ATP are transported out of
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mitochondria into the cytoplasm.
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Fig. 8.4
Mitochondrion Structure and Function
Transition Reaction
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Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Citric Acid Cycle
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Originally called Krebs cycle.
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Connects glycolysis to the citric acid cycle.
Electron Transport System
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As electrons pass down the electron
transport system, energy is captured and
ATP is produced.
– Oxidative phosphorylation refers to the
production of ATP as a result of energy
released by the electron transport system.
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Fig. 8.8
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Fig. 8.10
Fermentation
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Glycolysis followed by reduction of pyruvate
by NADH to either lactate or alcohol and
carbon dioxide.
– Anaerobic pathway.
– Can provide rapid burst of ATP.
! Common in muscle cells.
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Fermentation
Metabolic Pool
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Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can be
used as energy sources.
– Catabolism produces molecules that can
also be used for anabolism and other
compounds.
! All reactions in cellular respiration are
part of a metabolic pool, and their
substrates can be used for catabolism
or anabolism.
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Fig. 8.11
Review
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Glycolysis
Transition Reaction
Citric Acid Cycle
Electron Transport System
Fermentation
Metabolic Pool
– Catabolism
– Anabolism
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.
Mader: Biology 8th Ed.