Download Central Dogma Lecture Central_Dogma_Notes

“Central
Dogma”
& Date
Main
Ideas/Lecture
Topics
“Big Ideas” or
Chunking the
Lecture
The Central Dogma:
“Getting the Information Out”
3) Translation
2) Transcription
DNA
mRNA
(polymer)
(polymer)
Protein*
(polymer)
1) Replication
DNA
*Made from amino acids (monomers)
Replication
1
2
Transcription
3
Translatio
RNA
DNA
Ribose
Deoxyribose
Yes
Yes
Bases
AUGC
ATGC
Length
Short
Long
Strands
Single
Double
Sugar
Phosphate
Figure 2
1
DNA Replication
Nuclear
Membrane
DNA Replication
•Happens during
“interphase”
(just before Meiosis
& Mitosis)
•Creates a second,
complementary set
of (23 or 46)
chromosomes for
cell about to be
created
Goes
to old
cell
Goes
to new
cell
The Central Dogma:
“Getting the Information Out”
3) Translation
2) Transcription
DNA
mRNA
(polymer)
(polymer)
Protein*
(polymer)
1) Replication
DNA
*Made from amino acids (monomers)
Process #1: DNA Replication

Molecule(s) involved: DNA

Steps taken:
The DNA double-helix opens up (“unzips”).
Free-floating nucleotides line up with their correct
partner nucleotides on the DNA strand.
Free-floating nucleotides physically connect (bond)
to the DNA strand.
A new strand of DNA is formed along each of the
open strands.
Two complete and identical DNA helices are
created.
Cell division can now occur with the newly created
DNA strand.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Base Pairing Rules:
DNA  DNA
 DNA:
 DNA:
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Thymine (T)
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
Parent strand
Daughter strand
The Central Dogma:
“Getting the Information Out”
3) Translation
2) Transcription
DNA
mRNA
(polymer)
(polymer)
Protein*
(polymer)
1) Replication
DNA
*Made from amino acids (monomers)
Process # 2: Transcription

Molecule(s) involved: DNA, mRNA

Steps taken:
A small section of DNA is opened up.
1.
2.
One DNA strand acts as a template and guides
how the mRNA is to be made.
3.
The mRNA is built of new nucleotides, similar to
how DNA is built.
4.
As the mRNA is made, it separates from the DNA
template.
5.
When the entire gene (DNA segment) is copied
(into the form of mRNA), the DNA completely
releases the mRNA.
Base Pairing Rules:
DNA  mRNA
 DNA:
 mRNA:
Adenine (A)
Uracil (U)
Thymine (T)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
The Central Dogma:
“Getting the Information Out”
3) Translation
2) Transcription
DNA
mRNA
(polymer)
(polymer)
Protein*
(polymer)
1) Replication
DNA
*Made from amino acids (monomers)
Translation
3
Process #3: Translation
Molecule(s) involved: DNA, mRNA
Steps taken:
1)
mRNA strand connects to the ribosome.
2)
First tRNA’s anticodon docks with the mRNA’s start codon.
(AUG (and always brings the amino acid methionine (met))
3)
Second tRNA “docks” with ribosome & mRNA strand.
4)
Amino acid from #2 tRNA attaches to amino acid from #1.
5)
First tRNA leaves.
6)
Whole assembly moves forward one codon (3 letters).
7)
Repeat process until mRNA’s “stop” codon is reached.
(UAG, UAA, or UGA)
8)
A release factor breaks up the party.
Base Pairing Rules:
mRNA  tRNA
 mRNA:
 tRNA:
Adenine (A)
Uracil (U)
Guanine (G)
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U)
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
mRNA
nucleotides
3 nucleotides
(“codon”) =
1 amino acid
Amino Acid
(1 of 20)
mRNA
nucleotides
3 nucleotides
(“codon”) =
1 amino acid
Amino Acid
(1 of 20)
Figure 2
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Translation
DNA
mRNA
tRNA
Protein
Location(s):
Nucleus
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
Sugar
Deoxyribose
Ribose
Ribose
NA
Phosphate
Yes
Yes
Yes
NA
Chemical Bases
ATCG
AUCG
AUCG
NA
Processes
Involved
Replication,
Transcription
Transcription,
Translation
Translation
Translation
Interacts with
Amino Acids
No
No
Yes
Yes
Structure
Double
Stranded
Single
Stranded
Triplet “Codon”
Single
Stranded
“Handedness”
Left
Right
Left
NA
Purpose
Master
blueprint of
cell activities
Create new
proteins: carry
copy of DNA
message to
ribosome
Create new
proteins: Carry
amino acid to
ribosome
Serve as
structural
parts of body
and/or
enzymes