Download Lecture 36 “Genes, Development, and Evolution” PPT Review What

Lecture 36 “Genes, Development, and Evolution” PPT Review
1.) What is the focus of evo-devo biologists? What example was discussed in class?
2.) Chick Embryo slide: What gene(s) must be expressed for the forelimb to form? What gene(s)
must be expressed for the ribs to form? Using this, why are there no forelimbs in snakes?
3.) Snake example: what would cause them to “lose” their hindlimbs? When this pathway is
functioning “normally”, what is its immediate function?
4.) Through what type of cell communication pathway does SHH function? What are PTCH and
SMO? What is GLI?
5.) Based on the diagram given, propose the basic steps that occur in the SHH pathway.
6.) What is a tool-kit gene? For the whale example, what caused the loss of hind limbs?
7.) When sperm and egg are still gametes, are these cells diploid or haploid? What is the process of
these two fusing together? When they are fused together, is the product diploid or haploid?
8.) What occurs during the cleavage phase of development? What occurs during gastrulation?
9.) Why are sea urchins a model system for studying fertilization?
10.) What is organogenesis? What are the steps for developing a complete neural tube? What is the
purpose of the neural tube?
11.) What is a somite? What development can result from somites?
12.) What occurs when a cell becomes determined? What influences how cells in somites become
determined?
13.) What caused the cells in a certain part of somites to become committed to produce muscle?
14.) What does MyoD stand for? What does the MyoD gene encode? What does the MyoD protein
do?