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Transcript
March 16, 2010 7.6.6 E TH U CR ES D A S Where are Palestine and Jerusalem? CHRISTIAN MILITARY EXPEDITIONS TO DRIVE MUSLIMS OUT OF THE HOLY LAND. EUROPE ASIA PALESTINE AFRICA 11.2 JERUSALEM ARABIA Our activity was designed to introduce the religious crusades of the 11th century, when Christian crusaders attempted to seize control of the Holy Land, including Jerusalem. The crusaders created territorial conflict for centuries to follow. Read 11.1 Classroom Competition over Territory Why might people fight for this city? Historic Competition over Jerusalem -There were three teams in the game - Members of three faiths lived in the Holy Land (Palestine): Jews, Muslims, and Christians. -One piece of territory was white - One city, Jerusalem, was important to people of all three faiths. -One team developed plans to control all of the white territory - European Christians tired to seize control of Jerusalem and the rest of Palestine. This led to a series of religious wars March 16, 2010 IS IT EVER OK TO PHYSICALLY FIGHT? DESCRIBE A SITUATION. Spread of Muslim Empire led by Seljuk Turks CAUSES OF THE CRUSADES through ANATOLIA, the area near 11.2 Constantinople 1071CE Byzantine Emperor asked Pope Urban II for help; Pope Urban II saw an opportunity to reunite the Christian Church. 1095 CE Pope calls for a crusade in Clermont and guaranteed salvation to all Crusaders. European Christians felt a threat to the safety of pilgrims to Jerusalem, due to the disorganized Seljuk Turk Dynasty. WANTED TO GAIN TOTAL CONTROL OF THE HOLY LAND AND JERUSALEM DESCRIBE WHO HAS THE MOST MOTIVATION TO BEGIN THE CRUSADES, BYZANTINE EMPEROR, POPE, OR CRUSADERS. PLACE EACH LABEL IN ITS APPROPRIATE POSITION ON THE MAP. USE YOUR TEXTBOOK P. 121 . Vienna . Clermont . Rome . Constantinople . . Acre Jerusalem ENGLAND TRACE THE ROUTE OF THE FIRST THREE CRUSADES, PAY CLOSE ATTENTION TO WHERE THEY BEGIN AND THE LANDS THAT ARE TRAVELLED THROUGH. AGAIN, USE THE MAP ON P. 121 OF YOUR TEXTBOOK. FRANCE ENGLAND HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE SPAIN FRANCE ANATOLIA . AFRICA HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE . Vienna Clermont . SPAIN Rome . Constantinople ANATOLIA . . Acre AFRICA Jerusalem March 16, 2010 TRACE THE ROUTE OF THE FIRST THREE CRUSADES, PAY CLOSE ATTENTION TO WHERE THEY BEGIN AND THE LANDS THAT ARE TRAVELLED THROUGH. AGAIN, USE THE MAP ON P. 121 OF YOUR BOOK. FOR EACH CRUSADE ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: ENGLAND FRANCE . YEARS OF THE CRUSADE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE WHERE DID THE CRUSADE BEGIN? . Vienna Clermont DESCRIBE MAJOR EVENTS OR BATTLES OF THE CRUSADE. . SPAIN Rome LIST IMPORTANT CITIES AND WHAT HAPPENED THERE . Constantinople ANATOLIA IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF HISTORICAL FIGURES . . Acre Jerusalem AFRICA FIRST CRUSADE 1096-1099 CE LED BY FOUR NOBLES 30,000 KNIGHTS PEASANTS AND MERCHANTS LEFT FOR THE HOLY LAND OUTCOME OF THE CRUSADE SECOND CRUSADE 1146-1148 CE WITH STRONGER LEADERSHIP, MUSLIMS RECAPTURE LAND FROM ONE OF THE CRUSADER KINGDOMS AFTER 2 YEARS OF TRAVEL 1/4 OF THE ARMY (YOU DO THE MATH) REACHES JERUSALEM SECOND CRUSADE BEGAN FROM FRANCE AND MASSACRED JEWS ALONG THE WAY, AND FIGHTING AGAINST THE GERMAN ARMY CHRISTIANS SURPRISE THE DISORGANIZED AND UNPREPARED SELJUK TURKS AND MASSACRE EVERYONE IN JERUSALEM THE SECOND CRUSADE WAS DEFEATED IN PALESTINE NOBLES SET UP FOUR CRUSADER KINGDOMS IN PALESTINE, SYRIA, MODERN DAY LEBANON AND TURKEY March 16, 2010 WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO HAVE A PLAN? (LIKE PLAYS IN FOOTBALL) THIRD CRUSADE 1189-1192 CE FOURTH CRUSADE 1201 CE MUSLIM SULTAN NAMED SALAH AL-DIN RECAPTURES JERUSALEM KING RICHARD I "THE LIONHEART" OF ENGLAND LEADS THE THIRD CRUSADE AFTER RAISING MONEY TO PAY FOR IT THROUGH TAXATION 1192 CE RICHARD I AND SALAH AL-DIN SIGN A PEACE TREATY - CHRISTIANS WERE ALLOWED TO KEEP A CHAIN OF CITIES ALONG THE COAST OF PALESTINE. - MUSLIMS CONTROL JERUSALEM AND PROMIS SAFE PASSAGE FOR PILGRIMS 1095 CE VENETIANS ASK CRUSADERS TO CONQUER THE CITY OF ZARA, A RIVAL TRADE CITY, AS PAYMENT LATER, CRUSADERS ATTACK CONSTANTINOPLE AND ARE EXCOMMUNICATED BY THE POPE CHILDRENS CRUSADE 1212 CE THOUSANDS OF PEASANT CHILDREN FROM FRANCE AND GERMANY LEAVE ON A CRUSADE, MOST TURN BACK, GET LOST, ARE SOLD INTO SLAVERY OR VANISH WITHOUT A TRACE WATER BALLOON FIGHT! EVENTS OF THE CRUSADES (JIGSAW) 1071 CE FRENCH KNIGHTS ARRIVE IN VENICE BUT ARE UNABLE TO PAY TO GET TO JERUSALEM 1291 CE March 16, 2010 IMPACT OF THE CRUSADES EUROPEAN CHRISTIANS MONARCHS POWER GROWS p. 124 INCREASE IN TRADE BETWEEN EUROPE AND ASIA MAJOR EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES INCREASED POWER OF EUROPEAN KINGS, LATER MAKES MAGNA CARTA NECESSARY INCREASE IN USE OF MONEY MUSLIMS p. 125 NEW IDEAS AND TRADE GOODS NEW IDEAS ABOUT MILITARY, KEEPING A STANDING ARMY INCREASED TRADE RETAINED CONTROL OF JERUSALEM JEWS p. 126 JEWS PERSECUTED (ANTI-SEMITISM GROWS) JEWS TORTURED AND SEGREGATED, FORCED TO LIVE IN GHETTOS EXPERIENCES OF THE CRUSADES INCREASED TRADE BETWEEN EUROPE AND ASIA EXPOSURE TO KNOWLEDGE STORED BY PEOPLE IN THE BYZANTINE AND MUSLIM EMPIRES, AS WELL AS MUSLIM ACHIEVEMENTS BASIS OF THE RENAISSANCE