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iBioSeminars: Nicole Le Douarin, March 2008 Role of the Neural Crest in Vertebrates Development and Evolution ROLE of the NEURAL CREST in Vertebrates Development and Evolution Nicole LE DOUARIN CNRS and Collège de France PARIS The pioneer of the neural crest (1868) Wilhem His (1868) In chick A band of particular material lying between the neural tube and the superficial ectoderm ‘ Zwischenstrang ’ Cells migrating from the neural primordium aggregate to form the dorsal root ganglia ‘Ganglionic crest’ The American Society for Cell Biology 1 iBioSeminars: Nicole Le Douarin, March 2008 Role of the Neural Crest in Vertebrates Development and Evolution Tracing the migratory cells in the developing avian embryo by constructing Quail-Chick Chimeras Feulgen staining of DNA Q C Q The QCPN Mab The American Society for Cell Biology 2 iBioSeminars: Nicole Le Douarin, March 2008 Role of the Neural Crest in Vertebrates Development and Evolution THE NEURAL CREST CONTRIBUTION to VERTEBRATES ONTOGENY and EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE The Neural Crest (NC) is part of the neural primordium Dorsal ectoderm Neural fold Neural epithelium Cephalic neural plate Truncal NT Early neural crest cells 10 ss 5‐ss Marker genes Snail2/Slug Sox8 Sox9 Sox10 FoxD3 Pax3 ... Cell surface marker HNK1 The American Society for Cell Biology 3 iBioSeminars: Nicole Le Douarin, March 2008 Role of the Neural Crest in Vertebrates Development and Evolution GRAFTING PROCEDURE The neural tube has been removed in the recipient embryo Quail neural tube isolated before grafting The American Society for Cell Biology 4 iBioSeminars: Nicole Le Douarin, March 2008 Role of the Neural Crest in Vertebrates Development and Evolution Quail Neural Tube grafted into a chick embryo NCC migrating from the grafted quail Neural Tube Feulgen staining A Quail-Chick neural chimera The American Society for Cell Biology 5 iBioSeminars: Nicole Le Douarin, March 2008 Role of the Neural Crest in Vertebrates Development and Evolution An adult Quail-Chick neural chimera The derivatives of the neural crest • Neurones :PNS sensory, sympathetic and enteric ganglia) • Glial cells :PNS satellite glia and nerve Schwann cells • Pigment cells • Endocrine cells Adrenal medulla C cells of the thyroid Cartilages and bones • Mesectoderm Dermis Connective tissues Vascular smooth muscle cells Adipocytes Diversity of NC-derived cell types according to their level of origin along the neuraxis The American Society for Cell Biology 6 iBioSeminars: Nicole Le Douarin, March 2008 Role of the Neural Crest in Vertebrates Development and Evolution Origin of the autonomic nervous system The suprarenal gland of a chimeric bird:The catecholamine-containing cells are fluorescent and carry the quail nuclear marker Quail to chick isotopic graft of the “vagal” NT QUAIL CHICK The American Society for Cell Biology 7 iBioSeminars: Nicole Le Douarin, March 2008 Role of the Neural Crest in Vertebrates Development and Evolution (E2.5) (E2.5) The American Society for Cell Biology 8